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Enhanced predictive signalling in schizophrenia.

Katharina Schmack1,2, Marcus Rothkirch1, Josef Priller1,2,3

  • 1Department of Psychiatry, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, 10117, Germany.

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|January 19, 2017
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Schizophrenia may involve stronger belief influence on perception due to enhanced predictive signaling. This study found increased belief-related brain connectivity in patients with schizophrenia, potentially explaining positive symptoms.

Keywords:
delusionsfunctional magnetic resonance imaginghallucinationsplacebo effectpredictive codingpsychosisschizophreniavisual perception

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • Positive symptoms of schizophrenia, like delusions and hallucinations, are linked to altered brain predictive mechanisms.
  • The role of higher-level predictions in shaping perception according to acquired beliefs in schizophrenia requires empirical investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To test the hypothesis that schizophrenia is associated with enhanced signaling of higher-level predictions influencing perception.
  • To investigate the neural basis of belief-perception interactions in schizophrenia using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).

Main Methods:

  • An fMRI experiment was conducted with 21 schizophrenia patients and 28 healthy controls.
  • Participants' perception of ambiguous visual motion was assessed under experimentally manipulated cognitive beliefs.
  • Connectivity between the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and visual cortex (V5) was analyzed.

Main Results:

  • Behaviorally, schizophrenia patients showed a weaker effect of induced beliefs on perception, but this effect correlated with positive symptom severity.
  • Neural analysis revealed higher belief-related connectivity between the OFC and V5 in schizophrenia patients compared to controls.
  • This indicates a stronger impact of cognitive beliefs on visual processing in schizophrenia.

Conclusions:

  • Schizophrenia may involve weaker acquisition of external beliefs but a compensatory increase in belief's effect on sensory processing.
  • Enhanced signaling of higher-level predictions, aligning perception with beliefs, may underlie positive symptoms in schizophrenia.
  • Findings support predictive coding models of psychosis and highlight aberrant belief-perception interactions in schizophrenia.