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Published on: April 25, 2014
Which Coronary Lesions Are More Prone to Cause Acute Myocardial Infarction?
Taner Sen1, Mehmet Ali Astarcioglu1, Osman Beton2
1Dumlupinar University Kutahya Evliya Celebi Education and Research Hospital, Kutahya - Turkey.
Insights
Most acute myocardial infarctions (MIs) result from high-grade coronary stenoses, not vulnerable plaques. Impaired collateral circulation, linked to higher triglycerides and inflammatory markers, was observed in patients with MI.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Vascular Biology
- Interventional Cardiology
Background:
- Common belief suggests myocardial infarctions (MIs) arise from nonsevere plaques (<70% obstruction).
- Recent data indicate severe stenosis (>70%) poses a higher risk for coronary occlusion.
- This study investigates the role of high-grade stenoses in acute ST-elevation MIs by assessing coronary collateral circulation (CCC).
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine if acute ST-elevation MIs originate from high-grade coronary stenoses.
- To evaluate the presence and significance of coronary collateral circulation (CCC) in acute MI patients.
- To identify factors associated with impaired collateral vessel development.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective analysis of 207 patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention for acute ST-elevation MI.
- Assessment of collateral blood flow using the Rentrop scoring system by two independent investigators.
- Statistical analysis to correlate collateral vessel presence with clinical and laboratory parameters.
Main Results:
- Over 73% of patients (153/207) exhibited coronary collateral vessels (Rentrop scores 1-3).
- Rentrop scores were distributed across 0 (26.1%), 1 (24.2%), 2 (24.6%), and 3 (25.1%).
- Good collateral vessels were associated with lower triglycerides, mean platelet volume (MPV), white blood cell (WBC) count, and neutrophil count (p<0.05).
Conclusions:
- The majority of acute ST-elevation MIs in this cohort stemmed from high-grade stenoses, challenging conventional understanding.
- The presence of coronary collateral circulation (CCC) was common in acute MI patients.
- Elevated triglycerides, MPV, WBC, and neutrophil counts were independently associated with poor collateral development, suggesting a role in MI pathogenesis.
Background::
According to common belief, most myocardial infarctions (MIs) are due to the rupture of nonsevere, vulnerable plaques with < 70% obstruction. Data from recent trials challenge this belief, suggesting that the risk of coronary occlusion is, in fact, much higher after severe stenosis. The aim of this study was to investigate whether or not acute ST-elevation MIs result from high-grade stenoses by evaluating the presence of coronary collateral circulation (CCC).
Methods::
We retrospectively included 207 consecutive patients who had undergone primary percutaneous coronary intervention for acute ST-elevation MI. Collateral blood flow distal to the culprit lesion was assessed by two investigators using the Rentrop scoring system.
Results::
Out of the 207 patients included in the study, 153 (73.9%) had coronary collateral vessels (Rentrop 1-3). The Rentrop scores were 0, 1, 2, and 3 in 54 (26.1%), 50 (24.2%), 51 (24.6%), and 52 (25.1%) patients, respectively. Triglycerides, mean platelet volume (MPV), white cell (WBC) count, and neutrophil count were significantly lower in the group with good collateral vessels (p = 0.013, p = 0.002, p = 0.003, and p = 0.021, respectively).
Conclusion::
More than 70% of the patients with acute MI had CCC with Rentrop scores of 1-3 during primary coronary angiography. This shows that most cases of acute MI in our study originated from underlying high-grade stenoses, challenging the common believe. Higher serum triglycerides levels, greater MPV, and increased WBC and neutrophil counts were independently associated with impaired development of collateral vessels.
Fundamento::
Há uma crença geral de que a maioria dos infartos agudos do miocárdio (IAM) ocorrem devido à ruptura de placas vulneráveis, não graves, com obstrução < 70%. Dados de ensaios recentes desafiam esta crença, sugerindo que o risco de oclusão coronariana é, na realidade, muito maior após estenose grave. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar se a presença ou não de IAM com supradesnível do segmento ST resulta de estenoses de alto grau através da avaliação da presença de circulação colateral coronariana (CCC).
MéTodos::
Nós incluímos retrospectivamente 207 pacientes consecutivos submetidos à intervenção coronariana percutânea primária devido à ocorrência de IAM com supradesnível do segmento ST. O fluxo sanguíneo colateral distal à lesão culpada foi avaliado por dois investigadores com utilização do sistema de escores de Rentrop.
Resultados::
Dos 207 pacientes incluídos no estudo, 153 (73,9%) apresentavam vasos coronarianos colaterais (Rentrop 1-3). Os escores Rentrop foram de 0, 1, 2 e 3 em 54 (26,1%), 50 (24,2%), 51 (24,6%) e 52 (25,1%) pacientes, respectivamente. Triglicérides, volume plaquetário médio (VPM), contagem de células brancas (CCB) e contagem de neutrófilos estiveram significativamente mais baixos no grupo com bons vasos colaterais (p = 0,013, p = 0,002, p = 0,003 e p = 0,021, respectivamente).
ConclusãO::
Mais de 70% dos pacientes com IAM apresentaram CCC com escores de Rentrop de 1-3 durante angiografia coronariana primária. Isto demonstra que a maioria dos casos de IAM em nosso estudo originou a partir de estenoses subjacentes de alto grau, contrariamente à sabedoria comum. Níveis séricos mais elevados de triglicérides, maior VPM e elevação na CCB e na contagem de neutrófilos estiveram independentemente associados com comprometimento no desenvolvimento de vasos colaterais.
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