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Related Concept Videos

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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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The pathophysiology of urinary tract infections (UTIs) encompasses several progressive stages, beginning with bacterial colonization and culminating in potential systemic complications if untreated. UTIs are primarily initiated by bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, which often originate from the gastrointestinal tract and migrate to the urinary system through the periurethral area. This migration can occur via several routes, including improper hygiene practices, sexual activity, or...
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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
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Combining two or more treatment methods increases the life span of cancer patients while reducing damage to vital organs or tissue from the overuse of a single treatment. Combination therapy also targets different cancer-inducing pathways, thus reducing the chances of developing resistance to treatment.
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Induction of Invasive Transitional Cell Bladder Carcinoma in Immune Intact Human MUC1 Transgenic Mice: A Model for Immunotherapy Development
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[Immunotherapy in uropathology].

Virginie Verkarre1, Hélène Roussel2, Clémence Granier3

  • 1Service d'anatomie pathologique, hôpital européen Georges-Pompidou, AP-HP, 20, rue Leblanc, 75015 Paris, France; Faculté de médecine, université Paris Descartes, 15, rue de l'École-de-Médecine, 75006 Paris, France.

Annales De Pathologie
|January 24, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Immunotherapy is revolutionizing metastatic cancer treatment, particularly for genitourinary cancers like kidney and bladder. Harnessing the immune system and overcoming tumor suppression shows promise for improved patient outcomes.

Keywords:
Bladder cancerCancer de prostateCancer de vessieCancer du reinCancer du testiculeImmunotherapyImmunothérapiePD-L1Prostate cancerRenal carcinomaTestis cancer

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Immunology
  • Urology

Background:

  • Immunotherapy represents a paradigm shift in metastatic cancer treatment, with established efficacy in kidney and bladder cancers.
  • Tumor immunogenicity is confirmed by responses to cytokines and BCG therapy.
  • Genitourinary cancers, including renal and bladder, demonstrate sensitivity to PD-1/PD-L1 axis inhibition.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the evolving landscape of immunotherapy for genitourinary cancers.
  • To discuss strategies for overcoming tumor-induced immunosuppression.
  • To review current and future therapeutic applications of immunotherapy in urologic oncology.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical trial data for immunotherapy in genitourinary malignancies.
  • Analysis of the immunological and genetic context of urogenital tumors.
  • Evaluation of biomarkers for predicting treatment response.

Main Results:

  • PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors are FDA-approved and show efficacy in second-line settings for kidney and bladder cancers.
  • Ongoing trials investigate first-line immunotherapy for bladder and renal cancers.
  • Vaccine therapy shows potential for castration-resistant prostate cancer.

Conclusions:

  • Immunotherapy offers significant benefits for various genitourinary cancers.
  • Understanding the tumor microenvironment and employing targeted biomarkers are crucial for optimizing treatment.
  • Further research is warranted to expand immunotherapy applications across urologic malignancies.