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Related Concept Videos

Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity01:26

Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity

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An antigen is any substance the immune system identifies as foreign and potentially harmful to the body, prompting an immune response. Antigens have two functional properties: immunogenicity and reactivity. Immunogenicity is the ability of an antigen to stimulate a specific immune response. At the same time, reactivity describes the antigen's ability to react with the cells and antibodies produced in response to it.
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Stimuli-activated drug delivery systems are designed to release drugs in response to specific physical, chemical, or biological stimuli. These systems often utilize hydrogels—three-dimensional, hydrophilic polymer networks capable of swelling in aqueous environments and retaining significant fluid volumes. Upon exposure to particular stimuli, these hydrogels undergo structural transitions that allow the embedded drug to be released. Due to this adaptive behavior, such systems are also...
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Multicomponent Injectable Hydrogels for Antigen-Specific Tolerogenic Immune Modulation.

Catia S Verbeke1,2, Susana Gordo3, David A Schubert3

  • 1School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.

Advanced Healthcare Materials
|January 25, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Injectable hydrogels can generate antigen-specific regulatory T cells (Tregs) in vivo. This biomaterial approach shows promise for treating autoimmune diseases and transplant rejection by re-establishing immune tolerance.

Keywords:
alginate hydrogelsantigen-specific tolerancedendritic cellsimmunotherapyregulatory T cells

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Immunology
  • Regenerative Medicine

Background:

  • Biomaterial scaffolds can modulate immune cells for immunotherapy.
  • Inducing immune tolerance is crucial for treating autoimmune diseases and preventing transplant rejection.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate an injectable hydrogel's potential to induce regulatory T cell (Treg) responses.
  • To explore antigen delivery methods for generating Tregs in a noninflammatory context.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized pore-forming alginate gels for delivering a BDC peptide antigen.
  • Compared microparticle encapsulation (poly(lactide-co-glycolide)) versus direct conjugation for peptide delivery.
  • Administered gels in the nonobese diabetic mouse model of type 1 diabetes.

Main Results:

  • Gel-based delivery generated antigen-specific T cells, with approximately 60% of CD4+ T cells being Tregs.
  • Antigen-specific T cells accumulated in gels and pancreatic islets.
  • Poly(lactide-co-glycolide) microparticles altered infiltrating cell phenotypes, while direct conjugation did not accelerate diabetes.

Conclusions:

  • A noninflammatory biomaterial system can effectively generate antigen-specific Tregs in vivo.
  • This approach holds potential for developing novel immunotherapies for autoimmune diseases and transplant rejection.
  • Biomaterial-mediated Treg induction offers a promising strategy for immune tolerance.