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Updated: Mar 8, 2026

A Preterm Rat Model for Pain Studies
Published on: February 9, 2024
Brian S Carter1, Jessica Brunkhorst2
1Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, University of Missouri at Kansas City School of Medicine, 2401 Gillham Rd, Kansas City, MO 64108; Children׳s Mercy Bioethics Center, Kansas City, MO.
Effective pain management in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) requires understanding pain scales, non-pharmacologic methods, and various medications. This review covers general principles, procedural pain, end-of-life care, chronic pain, and neonatal abstinence.
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