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Polymer Classification: Stereospecificity01:26

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Polymerization generates chiral centers along the entire backbone of a polymer chain. Accordingly, the stereochemistry of the substituent group has a significant effect on polymer properties. Polymers formed from monosubstituted alkene monomers feature chiral carbons at every alternate position in the polymer backbone. Relative to the predominant orientation of substituents at the adjacent chiral carbons, the polymer can exist in three different configurations: isotactic, syndiotactic, and...
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Recently, the development of olefin metathesis polymerization advanced the field of polymer synthesis. Simply put, the reorganization of substituents on their double bonds between two olefins in the presence of a catalyst is known as the olefin metathesis reaction. The use of metathesis reaction for polymer synthesis is called olefin metathesis polymerization.
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Ring-opening metathesis polymerization or ROMP involves strained cycloalkenes as starting materials. The mechanism of ROMP proceeds by reacting cycloalkene with Grubbs catalyst to give metallacyclobutane intermediate which undergoes a ring-opening reaction to form new carbene. The new carbene reacts with another molecule of cycloalkene. Repetition of these steps leads to the formation of an unsaturated open-chain polymer product. All these steps are reversible, however, relieving the ring...
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The radical chain-growth polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination of polymerization. The polymerization initiates when a free radical generated from the radical initiator adds to the unsaturated bond in the monomer. The unpaired electron of the free radical and one π electron in the unsaturated bond creates a σ bond between the free radical and the monomer. As a result, the other π electron in the unsaturated bond converts this species into...
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The conversion of alkenes to macromolecules called polymers is a reaction of high commercial importance. The structure of the polymer is defined by a repeating unit, while the terminal groups are considered insignificant. The average degree of polymerization represents the number of repeating units in the polymer molecule and is denoted by the subscript n.
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Acyclic diene metathesis polymerization or ADMET polymerization involves cross-metathesis of terminal dienes, such as 1,8-nonadiene, to give linear unsaturated polymer and ethylene. As ADMET is a reversible process, the formed ethylene gas must be removed from the reaction mixture to complete the polymerization process.
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Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization of Functionalized Vinyl Monomers Using Perylene as a Visible Light Photocatalyst
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Methylenelactide: vinyl polymerization and spatial reactivity effects.

Judita Britner1, Helmut Ritter1

  • 1Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Heinrich-Heine-University, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.

Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry
|February 2, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study details the polymerization of methylenelactide, a cyclic monomer. Researchers explored its free-radical, copolymerization, and controlled radical polymerization behaviors, finding it undergoes self-initiated polymerization.

Keywords:
copolymerizationkinetic study of the radical homopolymerizationpush–pull monomerreversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT)

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Area of Science:

  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Organic Synthesis

Background:

  • Investigating novel cyclic monomers is crucial for advancing polymer science.
  • Understanding polymerization mechanisms of push-pull monomers offers new material possibilities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To conduct the first detailed study on the polymerization of methylenelactide, a cyclic push-pull monomer.
  • To compare its polymerization characteristics with a non-cyclic analog, α-acetoxyacrylate.
  • To explore both free-radical and controlled radical polymerization techniques.

Main Methods:

  • Free-radical polymerization and copolymerization experiments were performed.
  • Copolymerization parameters with styrene and methyl methacrylate were determined.
  • Reversible Addition Fragmentation chain Transfer (RAFT) polymerization was employed for controlled polymerization.

Main Results:

  • Methylenelactide was found to undergo self-initiated polymerization.
  • Copolymerization parameters (Q and e values) were calculated to predict behavior with other monomers.
  • Successful RAFT-controlled homopolymerization and copolymerization with N,N-dimethylacrylamide were achieved.

Conclusions:

  • Methylenelactide exhibits unique polymerization behavior, including self-initiation.
  • The study provides essential data for predicting copolymerization outcomes.
  • RAFT polymerization offers a viable route for controlled synthesis involving methylenelactide.