Coxa vara in postseptic arthritis of the hip in children

The behavior and treatment of coxa vara and pseudarthrosis of the proximal femur secondary to sepsis is not well described. The aim of this study is to describe the pathoanatomy for coxa vara and pseudarthrosis in postseptic hips, evaluate progression of neck shaft angle (NSA), and discuss treatment. This is a retrospective case series of 20 patients (21 hips). There were 11 hips with predominant avascular necrosis of the capital femoral epiphysis without pseudarthrosis (type 1) and 10 with pseudarthrosis (type 2). The interobserver κ value was 0.79. There was a decrease in NSA from 110.3° to 99.3° during an average follow-up duration of 5.2 years (range: 2-14 years). The average change in NSA between the initial presentation and the final follow-up was 5.5° in type 1 and 17.1° in type 2. Nine patients underwent a surgical intervention. In cases where subtrochanteric valgus osteotomy was performed, the mean preoperative NSA was 94° and the mean NSA at the final follow-up was 128°; all operated pseudarthroses healed without bone grafting. Acetabuloplasty is not necessary in most cases.