[Tuberculosis in the aged population. Disease pattern, etiologic factors and preventive measures]

The incidence of tuberculosis is greatest among elderly individuals. The clinical features may be atypical, non-specific and may be confused with coexistent or age-related diseases. The risk factors predisposing to tuberculosis are related to underlying chronic or acute disease and malnutrition which disrupt integumental barriers, impair clearance mechanisms or compromise cellular responses to infecting agents. It is essential to provide optimal treatment of chronic disease, to avoid invasive procedures, to limit unnecessary medication and to ensure adequate nutrition.