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Related Concept Videos

State Space Representation01:27

State Space Representation

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The frequency-domain technique, commonly used in analyzing and designing feedback control systems, is effective for linear, time-invariant systems. However, it falls short when dealing with nonlinear, time-varying, and multiple-input multiple-output systems. The time-domain or state-space approach addresses these limitations by utilizing state variables to construct simultaneous, first-order differential equations, known as state equations, for an nth-order system.
Consider an RLC circuit, a...
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State Space to Transfer Function01:21

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The conversion of state-space representation to a transfer function is a fundamental process in system analysis. It provides a method for transitioning from a time-domain description to a frequency-domain representation, which is crucial for simplifying the analysis and design of control systems.
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Transfer Function to State Space01:23

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State-space representation is a powerful tool for simulating physical systems on digital computers, necessitating the conversion of the transfer function into state-space form. Consider an nth-order linear differential equation with constant coefficients, like those encountered in an RLC circuit. The state variables are selected as the output and its n−1 derivatives. Differentiating these variables and substituting them back into the original equation produces the state equations.
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Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Overview01:03

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NMR-active nuclei have energy levels called 'spin states' that are associated with the orientations of their nuclear magnetic moments. In the absence of a magnetic field, the nuclear magnetic moments are randomly oriented, and the spin states are degenerate. When an external magnetic field is applied, the spin states have only 2 + 1 orientations available to them. A proton with = ½ has two available orientations. Similarly, for a quadrupolar nucleus with a nuclear spin value of one, the...
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Spatial Bell-State Generation without Transverse Mode Subspace Postselection.

E V Kovlakov1, I B Bobrov1, S S Straupe1

  • 1Faculty of Physics, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.

Physical Review Letters
|February 4, 2017
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Summary
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Researchers developed a new method to create high-brightness, pure spatially entangled photon pairs. This technique enhances quantum communication by utilizing the full photon flux without postselection, enabling advanced free-space applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum optics
  • Quantum communication

Background:

  • Spatial states of photons and entangled photon pairs are crucial for quantum communication.
  • The spatial degree of freedom offers vast information capacity.
  • Developing high-quality sources of spatial entanglement is a key research area.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report an experimental method for generating photon pairs in a maximally entangled spatial state.
  • To overcome limitations of existing techniques that require postselection.
  • To enable the creation of high-brightness sources of pure spatially entangled photons.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental generation of entangled photon pairs.
  • Utilizing nonlinear crystals.
  • Avoiding postselection of spatial modes.

Main Results:

  • Achieved generation of photon pairs in a maximally entangled spatial state.
  • The method allows the use of the full photon flux.
  • Eliminated the need for postselection.

Conclusions:

  • The developed method provides a tool for creating high-brightness sources of pure spatially entangled photons.
  • These sources are essential for emerging applications in free-space quantum communication.
  • This advancement facilitates the practical implementation of spatial entanglement in quantum technologies.