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Genotyping of Sea Anemone during Early Development
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Echinoderm development and evolution in the post-genomic era.

Gregory A Cary1, Veronica F Hinman1

  • 1Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Mellon Institute, 4400 Fifth Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States.

Developmental Biology
|February 11, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Echinoderm evolution reveals how gene regulatory networks (GRNs) change, driving diverse body plans. Comparative studies in sea urchins and other echinoderms illuminate developmental mechanisms and larval skeleton evolution.

Keywords:
EchinodermEvo-DevoEvolutionGRNPatiria miniataSea urchinStrongylocentrotus purpuratus

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary Developmental Biology
  • Genomics
  • Echinodermata

Background:

  • Echinoderms exhibit diverse adult and larval body plans.
  • Sea urchin development is well-understood, with a detailed gene regulatory network (GRN) mapped.
  • This knowledge facilitates comparative studies on body plan evolution in other echinoderms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advances in evolutionary developmental biology of echinoderms.
  • To synthesize findings on the evolution of the larval skeleton across echinoderm classes.
  • To explore how gene regulatory networks (GRNs) evolve.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing new genomic resources and systems-level experiments.
  • Synthesizing results from studies across various echinoderm classes.
  • Examining cis-regulatory changes and protein-level alterations in transcription factors.

Main Results:

  • Recent studies explored the development and evolution of the larval skeleton, a key differentiator between echinoderm larval subtypes.
  • Mechanisms of GRN evolution, including cis-regulatory and protein-level changes, were examined.
  • Comparisons across shorter evolutionary timescales within and between sea urchin species were analyzed.

Conclusions:

  • Comparative studies using genomic and transcriptomic data are crucial for understanding echinoderm body plan evolution.
  • Evolving GRNs, through cis-regulatory and protein changes, drive developmental diversity.
  • Future genomic datasets will further enhance evolutionary developmental studies in echinoderms.