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Related Concept Videos

Endocrine Signaling01:45

Endocrine Signaling

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Endocrine cells produce hormones to communicate with remote target cells found in other organs. The hormone reaches these distant areas using the circulatory system. This exposes the whole organism to the hormone but only those cells expressing hormone receptors or target cells are affected. Thus, endocrine signaling induces slow responses from its target cells but these effects also last longer.
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Major Hormones and Their Functions01:27

Major Hormones and Their Functions

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Hormones, the biochemical messengers produced by endocrine glands, are pivotal in regulating bodily functions and maintaining homeostasis. Each hormone's balance is crucial; imbalances can lead to significant physiological disruptions. Major hormones include oxytocin, cortisol, epinephrine, estrogen, testosterone, thyroxine, growth hormone, insulin, and glucagon.
Oxytocin, produced in the hypothalamus and released by the pituitary gland, plays a role in social bonding, childbirth, and...
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Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Endothelin Receptor Antagonists01:18

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Endothelins (ETs) are potent vasoactive peptides critical in the human body's various physiological and pathological processes. One of the most promising therapeutic strategies for treating pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) involves counteracting the effects of these endothelins using a class of drugs known as endothelin receptor antagonists.
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Regulation of Hormone Secretion01:19

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Regulation of hormone secretion is a finely tuned orchestration driven by various types of stimuli, encompassing neural, humoral, and hormonal signals. Environmental cues instigate neural stimuli, where action potentials traverse nerve fibers to reach their designated targets. An illustrative scenario is the body's response to stress, wherein the sympathetic nervous system releases epinephrine from the adrenal glands, inducing the well-known 'fight or flight' reaction.
Humoral...
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What is the Endocrine System?00:46

What is the Endocrine System?

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The endocrine system sends hormones—chemical signals—through the bloodstream to target cells—the cells the hormones selectively affect. These signals are produced in endocrine cells, secreted into the extracellular fluid, and then diffuse into the blood. Eventually, they diffuse out of the blood and bind to target cells which have specialized receptors to recognize the hormones.
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Heart Failure Drugs: Inotropic Agents01:26

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Positive inotropic agents are commonly used as the first line of treatment for heart failure. One such agent is digoxin, derived from the genus Digitalis, which has been known for centuries but effectively utilized since 1785. However, these cardiac glycosides can have potentially toxic effects due to their mechanism of action, which involves inhibiting Na+/K+-ATPase and increasing contractility. Digoxin is absorbed orally and distributed in various tissues, including the CNS. It has a long...
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Prognosis of Equine Liver Diseases.

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Comparison of in vitro degradation of immunoreactive adrenocorticotropic hormone and insulin in equine blood measured by two immunoassay methods.

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Transference of diagnostic thresholds for equine plasma ACTH from the Immulite 1000 to Immulite 2000XPi and Tosoh AIA systems.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 7, 2026

Fecal Glucocorticoid Analysis: Non-invasive Adrenal Monitoring in Equids
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Fecal Glucocorticoid Analysis: Non-invasive Adrenal Monitoring in Equids

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Therapeutics for Equine Endocrine Disorders.

Andy E Durham1

  • 1Liphook Equine Hospital, Liphook, Hampshire GU30 7JG, UK.

The Veterinary Clinics of North America. Equine Practice
|February 14, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Equine endocrine diseases, primarily PPID and EMS, are common. Treatment focuses on dopamine agonists for PPID and management changes for EMS, with limited evidence for other drugs.

Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Medicine
  • Equine Endocrinology

Background:

  • Equine endocrine diseases, including Pituitary Pars Intermedia Dysfunction (PPID) and Equine Metabolic Syndrome (EMS), are prevalent in equine practice.
  • These conditions significantly impact equine health and welfare, necessitating effective management strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and summarize current therapeutic options for common equine endocrine diseases.
  • To evaluate the evidence basis for various pharmacological interventions in PPID and EMS.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing studies and clinical guidelines on equine endocrine diseases.
  • Analysis of therapeutic approaches, focusing on drug classes and their efficacy.

Main Results:

Keywords:
DiabetesEMSEndocrineEquinePPIDTherapeutics

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  • Dopamine agonists, particularly pergolide mesylate, are the primary treatment for PPID, with bromocryptine and cabergoline as alternatives.
  • Management changes are central to EMS treatment, with levothyroxine and metformin having potential applications.
  • Limited evidence supports the use of other drug classes for PPID and EMS, though cyproheptadine and trilostane may be considered.

    • Conclusions:

    • Current therapeutic strategies for PPID and EMS are centered on specific drug classes and management adjustments.
    • Further research is needed to strengthen the evidence base for alternative therapies in equine endocrine disorders.