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Related Concept Videos

Phase Transitions01:21

Phase Transitions

27
A phase transition is the process in which a substance changes from one state of matter to another, like from a solid to a liquid, liquid to gas, or vice versa, at a specific temperature and under given pressure conditions. This change is spontaneous and is affected by alterations in temperature and pressure. These parameters impact the strength of the forces between molecules (intermolecular forces) in the substance.During a phase transition, both the initial and final phases of the substance...
27
Phase Transitions02:31

Phase Transitions

23.5K
Whether solid, liquid, or gas, a substance's state depends on the order and arrangement of its particles (atoms, molecules, or ions). Particles in the solid pack closely together, generally in a pattern. The particles vibrate about their fixed positions but do not move or squeeze past their neighbors. In liquids, although the particles are closely spaced, they are randomly arranged. The position of the particles are not fixed—that is, they are free to move past their neighbors to...
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Entropy Change in Reversible Processes01:10

Entropy Change in Reversible Processes

3.3K
In the Carnot engine, which achieves the maximum efficiency between two reservoirs of fixed temperatures, the total change in entropy is zero. The observation can be generalized by considering any reversible cyclic process consisting of many Carnot cycles. Thus, it can be stated that the total entropy change of any ideal reversible cycle is zero.
The statement can be further generalized to prove that entropy is a state function. Take a cyclic process between any two points on a p-V diagram.
3.3K
Phase Transitions: Sublimation and Deposition02:33

Phase Transitions: Sublimation and Deposition

20.6K
Some solids can transition directly into the gaseous state, bypassing the liquid state, via a process known as sublimation. At room temperature and standard pressure, a piece of dry ice (solid CO2) sublimes, appearing to gradually disappear without ever forming any liquid. Snow and ice sublimate at temperatures below the melting point of water, a slow process that may be accelerated by winds and the reduced atmospheric pressures at high altitudes. When solid iodine is warmed, the solid sublimes...
20.6K
Phase Transitions: Vaporization and Condensation02:39

Phase Transitions: Vaporization and Condensation

21.8K
The physical form of a substance changes on changing its temperature. For example, raising the temperature of a liquid causes the liquid to vaporize (convert into vapor). The process is called vaporization—a surface phenomenon. Vaporization occurs when the thermal motion of the molecules overcome the intermolecular forces, and the molecules (at the surface) escape into the gaseous state. When a liquid vaporizes in a closed container, gas molecules cannot escape. As these gas phase molecules...
21.8K
Phase Transitions: Melting and Freezing02:39

Phase Transitions: Melting and Freezing

15.4K
Heating a crystalline solid increases the average energy of its atoms, molecules, or ions, and the solid gets hotter. At some point, the added energy becomes large enough to partially overcome the forces holding the molecules or ions of the solid in their fixed positions, and the solid begins the process of transitioning to the liquid state or melting. At this point, the temperature of the solid stops rising, despite the continual input of heat, and it remains constant until all of the solid is...
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Quantum State Engineering of Light with Continuous-wave Optical Parametric Oscillators
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Quantum State Engineering of Light with Continuous-wave Optical Parametric Oscillators

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Rescuing a Quantum Phase Transition with Quantum Noise.

Gu Zhang1, E Novais2, Harold U Baranger1

  • 1Department of Physics, Duke University, P.O. Box 90305, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA.

Physical Review Letters
|February 18, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Environmental interactions can surprisingly boost quantum effects in a two-quantum-dot system. Quantum noise, rather than destroying quantum phase transitions, helps restore them, revealing novel non-Fermi-liquid correlations.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Quantum Information Science

Background:

  • Quantum systems typically lose quantum effects when interacting with their environment.
  • Understanding environmental influence is crucial for quantum technologies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how environmental coupling affects quantum correlations in a specific system.
  • To explore the role of quantum noise in quantum phase transitions.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical analysis of a two-quantum-dot system connected to resistive leads.
  • Modeling the coupling of charge transport to the electromagnetic environment (quantum noise).

Main Results:

  • Environmental contact enhances non-Fermi-liquid correlations, contrary to typical observations.
  • Quantum noise reduces charge transport but restores a quantum phase transition.
  • A non-Fermi-liquid intermediate fixed point is identified for all noise strengths.

Conclusions:

  • Environmental interactions can be harnessed to enhance, not just degrade, quantum phenomena.
  • The study reveals a mechanism for restoring quantum phase transitions via quantum noise.
  • Findings offer insights into controlling quantum correlations in mesoscopic systems.