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Related Concept Videos

Heterogeneous Catalysis01:22

Heterogeneous Catalysis

41
Heterogeneous catalysis involves a catalyst in a different phase from the reactants. It is a process where the catalyst and the reactants are in distinct phases, typically solid and gas or liquid.Most heterogeneous catalysts are metals, metal oxides, or acids. The list includes transition metals like iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), palladium (Pd), platinum (Pt), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), tungsten (W), silver (Ag), and copper (Cu). These metals possess partially vacant d orbitals that...
41
Catalysis02:50

Catalysis

31.3K
The presence of a catalyst affects the rate of a chemical reaction. A catalyst is a substance that can increase the reaction rate without being consumed during the process. A basic comprehension of a catalysts’ role during chemical reactions can be understood from the concept of reaction mechanisms and energy diagrams.
31.3K
Photochemical Electrocyclic Reactions: Stereochemistry01:26

Photochemical Electrocyclic Reactions: Stereochemistry

2.3K
The absorption of UV–visible light by conjugated systems causes the promotion of an electron from the ground state to the excited state. Consequently, photochemical electrocyclic reactions proceed via the excited-state HOMO rather than the ground-state HOMO. Since the ground- and excited-state HOMOs have different symmetries, the stereochemical outcome of electrocyclic reactions depends on the mode of activation; i.e., thermal or photochemical.
Selection Rules: Photochemical Activation
2.3K
Thermal and Photochemical Electrocyclic Reactions: Overview01:26

Thermal and Photochemical Electrocyclic Reactions: Overview

3.1K
Electrocyclic reactions are reversible reactions. They involve an intramolecular cyclization or ring-opening of a conjugated polyene. Shown below are two examples of electrocyclic reactions. In the first reaction, the formation of the cyclic product is favored. In contrast, in the second reaction, ring-opening is favored due to the high ring strain associated with cyclobutene formation.
3.1K
Cycloaddition Reactions: MO Requirements for Photochemical Activation01:12

Cycloaddition Reactions: MO Requirements for Photochemical Activation

2.8K
Some cycloaddition reactions are activated by heat, while others are initiated by light. For example, a [2 + 2] cycloaddition between two ethylene molecules occurs only in the presence of light. It is photochemically allowed but thermally forbidden.
2.8K
P-N junction01:11

P-N junction

1.5K
A p-n junction is formed when p-type and n-type semiconductor materials are joined together. At the interface of the p-n junction, holes from the p-side and electrons from the n-side begin to diffuse into the opposite sides due to the concentration gradient. This diffusion of carriers leads to a region around the junction where there are no free charge carriers, known as the depletion region. The charge density within the depletion region for the n-side and p-side can be described by the...
1.5K

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Developing Photosensitizer-Cobaloxime Hybrids for Solar-Driven H2 Production in Aqueous Aerobic Conditions
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Heterojunction Photocatalysts.

Jingxiang Low1, Jiaguo Yu1,2, Mietek Jaroniec3

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, 122 Luoshi Road, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China.

Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)
|February 22, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Engineered heterojunction photocatalysts enhance solar fuel production and pollutant degradation by minimizing electron-hole recombination. This review details their principles, applications, and future directions.

Keywords:
direct Z-schemegrapheneheterojunctionsphotocatalystssurface heterojunctions

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Chemical Engineering
  • Environmental Science

Background:

  • Semiconductor photocatalysis offers a sustainable route for solar fuel production and pollutant degradation.
  • Key limitations include rapid electron-hole recombination and inefficient light utilization, hindering practical applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically discuss the fundamental principles of heterojunction photocatalysts.
  • To review and appraise recent advancements in heterojunction photocatalyst development for diverse applications.
  • To provide insights into current challenges and future research directions in this field.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical discussion of heterojunction photocatalyst principles.
  • Comprehensive literature review of recent research and applications.
  • Critical appraisal of existing studies and future outlook.

Main Results:

  • Heterojunction engineering effectively promotes spatial separation of photogenerated electron-hole pairs, boosting photocatalytic activity.
  • Various heterojunction designs demonstrate enhanced performance in solar fuel generation and pollutant degradation.
  • The review consolidates current knowledge and identifies key areas for future innovation.

Conclusions:

  • Heterojunction photocatalysts represent a promising strategy to overcome the limitations of traditional semiconductor photocatalysis.
  • Continued research into novel heterojunction architectures and applications is crucial for advancing solar energy utilization and environmental remediation.
  • Addressing challenges in stability, scalability, and cost-effectiveness will be vital for real-world implementation.