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Gender Imbalance and Terrorism in Developing Countries.

Javed Younas1, Todd Sandler2

  • 1Department of Economics, School of Business Administration, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.

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|February 25, 2017
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Female gender imbalance in developing countries is linked to increased domestic terrorism, particularly when bureaucratic institutions are weak. This imbalance does not impact transnational terrorism or terrorism in developed nations.

Keywords:
developing countriesdomestic and transnational terrorismgender imbalance

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Area of Science:

  • Sociology
  • Political Science
  • Economics

Background:

  • Societal structures and gender distribution can influence political stability and security.
  • Developing countries often face unique challenges in governance and law enforcement.
  • Existing research explores various factors contributing to terrorism, but the role of gender imbalance is less understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between female gender imbalance and domestic terrorism in developing countries.
  • To determine if gender imbalance influences transnational terrorism or terrorism in developed nations.
  • To explore the moderating role of institutional strength on the gender imbalance-terrorism nexus.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of panel data from 128 developing countries spanning 1975 to 2011.
  • Statistical modeling to assess the impact of female gender imbalance on different types of terrorism.
  • Examination of the interaction between gender imbalance and the strength of bureaucratic institutions.

Main Results:

  • A significant positive correlation was found between female gender imbalance and increased total and domestic terrorist attacks in developing countries.
  • Female gender imbalance did not significantly affect transnational terrorism in developing countries.
  • The effect of female gender imbalance on terrorism was contingent on weak bureaucratic institutions, suggesting a moderating effect.

Conclusions:

  • Female gender imbalance is a contributing factor to domestic terrorism in developing countries, especially under conditions of weak governance.
  • Policy interventions aimed at promoting gender equality and strengthening institutions may be crucial for counter-terrorism efforts in developing nations.
  • The findings highlight the complex interplay between gender dynamics, institutional capacity, and political violence.