THE PECULIARITIES OF TREATMENT OF UNCOMPLICATED AND COMPLICATED DENTAL INJURIES CAUSED BY TRAUMA

Trauma related injuries of permanent teeth occur frequently and are the most pressing issue the dentists are facing today. In different age groups the same type of trauma affects the teeth with different frequencies. For instance, accident related dental trauma in children and adults affected permanent teeth in 30% and deciduous teeth in 20%, respectively. It should also be noted that front teeth are more susceptible to traumatic injuries compared to the incisors. Upper front teeth were injured in 72% of cases, while lower central, upper lateral incisors, canines and premolars only in 6-8%. The severity of dental injury depends on the type and extent of the trauma. Dental injury can be result of either direct or indirect trauma. A strong, «fast as lightning» impact most often affects the dental crown. A weak and dull impact (thump) extends toward the root apical direction resulting in avulsion of the tooth and root fracture. Dental injury caused by trauma has been always considered as an emergency condition. It requires prompt complex treatment methods from maintaining pulp vitality to tooth extraction option. Treatment plan always depends on the type and severity of the injury and on current clinical condition of tooth. In all cases, the combined treatment includes: care of visible wound, fixation of teeth, performance of surgical manipulations, determining of the need of endodontic treatment, restorations and orthodontic consultation. The recorded clinical cases include descriptions of dental injuries of various types, as well as performed diagnostic and treatment procedures. In both cases root was fractured by impact. In Clinical Case 1 the tooth 2.1 vertical partial displacement of the tooth (extrusion) with root fracture in the apical third was observed; Clinical Case 2 - 1.1 dental root fracture in its middle third and vertical extrusion. Treatment strategy is dictated by pulp condition (Assessment of pulp vitality and status). In both cases, the complex treatment protocol included repositioning of the teeth back into the alveolar socket and their fixation. In tooth 2.1 treatment endodontic therapy was necessary treatment of choice, while in another case (tooth 1.1) endodontic intervention was not indicated. X-ray visiographic diagnostics and clinical examinations of the teeth (after 1 and 3 years monitoring) revealed positive outcomes. Patients are under monitoring of clinical condition.