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Related Concept Videos

Heterogeneous Catalysis01:22

Heterogeneous Catalysis

41
Heterogeneous catalysis involves a catalyst in a different phase from the reactants. It is a process where the catalyst and the reactants are in distinct phases, typically solid and gas or liquid.Most heterogeneous catalysts are metals, metal oxides, or acids. The list includes transition metals like iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), palladium (Pd), platinum (Pt), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), tungsten (W), silver (Ag), and copper (Cu). These metals possess partially vacant d orbitals that...
41
Properties of Organometallic Compounds01:23

Properties of Organometallic Compounds

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Organometallic compounds are compounds that contain a carbon–metal bond. Carbon belongs to an organyl group like alkyl, aryl, allyl, or benzyl groups. The metal can be from Group I or Group II of the periodic table, a transition metal, or a semimetal.
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Cycloaddition Reactions: MO Requirements for Photochemical Activation01:12

Cycloaddition Reactions: MO Requirements for Photochemical Activation

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Some cycloaddition reactions are activated by heat, while others are initiated by light. For example, a [2 + 2] cycloaddition between two ethylene molecules occurs only in the presence of light. It is photochemically allowed but thermally forbidden.
2.8K
Carbocations02:10

Carbocations

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Carbocations are one of the reaction intermediates formed during several nucleophilic substitutions or elimination reactions. A carbocation is an electron-deficient species with the central carbon atom having six electrons and three bonded atoms. The central carbon in a carbocation is sp2 hybridized with trigonal planar geometry. It has an empty p orbital perpendicular to the plane of the structure that can accept electrons. Thus, carbocations act as strong electrophiles and may react with any...
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Reduction of Benzene to Cyclohexane: Catalytic Hydrogenation01:28

Reduction of Benzene to Cyclohexane: Catalytic Hydrogenation

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Unlike the easy catalytic hydrogenation of an alkene double bond, hydrogenation of a benzene double bond under similar reaction conditions does not take place easily. For example, in the reduction of stilbene, the benzene ring remains unaffected while the alkene bond gets reduced. Hydrogenation of an alkene double bond is exothermic and a favorable process. In contrast, to hydrogenate the first unsaturated bond of benzene, an energy input is needed; that is, the process is endothermic. This is...
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Cycloaddition Reactions: MO Requirements for Thermal Activation01:16

Cycloaddition Reactions: MO Requirements for Thermal Activation

4.9K
Thermal cycloadditions are reactions where the source of activation energy needed to initiate the reaction is provided in the form of heat. A typical example of a thermally-allowed cycloaddition is the Diels–Alder reaction, which is a [4 + 2] cycloaddition. In contrast, a [2 + 2] cycloaddition is thermally forbidden.
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Updated: Mar 6, 2026

Accessing Valuable Ligand Supports for Transition Metals: A Modified, Intermediate Scale Preparation of 1,2,3,4,5-Pentamethylcyclopentadiene
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C-H functionalization by high-valent Cp*Co(iii) catalysis.

Shan Wang1, Shan-Yong Chen1, Xiao-Qi Yu1

  • 1Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China. chensy@scu.edu.cn xqyu@scu.edu.cn.

Chemical Communications (Cambridge, England)
|March 7, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Cobalt catalysts are revolutionizing C-H functionalization, enabling efficient chemical transformations. This review highlights advances in cobalt(iii)-catalyzed reactions, particularly C(sp2)-H activation, while noting the underdevelopment of C(sp3)-H functionalization.

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Area of Science:

  • Organometallic Chemistry
  • Catalysis
  • Synthetic Organic Chemistry

Background:

  • Directed C-H functionalization has seen significant advancements using earth-abundant first-row transition metals.
  • Cobalt (Co) is particularly attractive due to its versatile reactivity in both low- and high-valent states for C-H functionalization.
  • Catalytic cobalt(iii) species are typically generated from Cp*Co(iii) catalyst dissociation or oxidation of low-valent cobalt.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent breakthroughs in Cp*Co(iii)-promoted C-H functionalization reactions.
  • To highlight the extensive development in C(sp2)-H functionalization.
  • To identify the limited progress in C(sp3)-H functionalization.

Main Methods:

  • Review of literature on Cp*Co(iii)-catalyzed C-H functionalization.
  • Analysis of reaction mechanisms and scope, focusing on C(sp2)-H and C(sp3)-H bonds.
  • Discussion of catalyst generation and activation pathways.

Main Results:

  • Cp*Co(iii) catalysts have enabled significant progress in directed C-H functionalization.
  • C(sp2)-H functionalization reactions are well-established and extensively studied.
  • C(sp3)-H functionalization reactions remain significantly less developed compared to C(sp2)-H functionalization.

Conclusions:

  • Cp*Co(iii) catalysis offers a powerful platform for C-H functionalization using inexpensive metals.
  • Further research is needed to expand the scope and efficiency of C(sp3)-H functionalization reactions.
  • Cobalt catalysis holds great promise for sustainable synthetic chemistry.