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Related Concept Videos

Carbon-13 (¹³C) NMR: Overview01:10

Carbon-13 (¹³C) NMR: Overview

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Carbon-13 is a naturally occurring NMR-active isotope of carbon with a low natural abundance of 1.1%. In contrast, carbon-12 is the most abundant isotope of carbon with zero nuclear spin. Therefore, it is NMR inactive. The gyromagnetic ratio of carbon-13 is smaller than that of protons. As a result, carbon-13 resonance is about 6000 times weaker than proton resonance. For a given magnetic field strength, the resonance frequency of carbon-13 is about one-fourth of the resonance frequency for...
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¹³C NMR: ¹H–¹³C Decoupling01:04

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The probability of having two carbon-13 atoms next to each other is negligible because of the low natural abundance of carbon-13. Consequently, peak splitting due to carbon-carbon spin-spin coupling is not observed in spectra. However, protons up to three sigma bonds away split the carbon signal according to the n+1 rule, resulting in complicated spectra.
A broadband decoupling technique is used to simplify these complex, sometimes overlapping, signals. Broadband decoupling relies on a...
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Magnetic Resonance Imaging01:24

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

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Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a noninvasive medical imaging technique based on a phenomenon of nuclear physics discovered in the 1930s, in which matter exposed to magnetic fields and radio waves was found to emit radio signals. In 1970, a physician and researcher named Raymond Damadian noticed that malignant (cancerous) tissue gave off different signals than normal body tissue. He applied for a patent for the first MRI scanning device in clinical use by the early 1980s. The early MRI...
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Insensitive Nuclei Enhanced by Polarization Transfer (INEPT)01:15

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Insensitive Nuclei Enhanced by Polarization Transfer (INEPT) is an advanced Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) technique specifically designed to detect and enhance the signals of low-abundance nuclei, such as carbon-13 and nitrogen-15, in small molecules. The fundamental principle behind INEPT is the transfer of polarization from a more abundant and highly polarizable nucleus, typically hydrogen-1, to the low-abundance nucleus of interest. This process effectively boosts the NMR signal of the...
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Double Resonance Techniques: Overview01:12

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Double resonance techniques in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy involve the simultaneous application of two different frequencies or radiofrequency pulses to manipulate and observe two distinct nuclear spins. One important application of double resonance is spin decoupling, which selectively suppresses coupling with one type of nucleus while observing the NMR signal from another nucleus, simplifying the spectrum and enhancing resolution.
Spin decoupling is usually achieved by...
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¹³C NMR: Distortionless Enhancement by Polarization Transfer (DEPT)01:20

¹³C NMR: Distortionless Enhancement by Polarization Transfer (DEPT)

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When proton-coupled carbon-13 spectra are simplified by a broadband proton decoupling technique, structural information about the coupled protons is lost. Distortionless enhancement by polarization transfer (DEPT) is a technique that provides information on the number of hydrogens attached to each carbon in a molecule. While the DEPT experiment utilizes complex pulse sequences, the pulse delay and flip angle are specifically manipulated. The resulting signals have different phases depending on...
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Hyperpolarized 13C Metabolic Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and Imaging
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Liquid-state carbon-13 hyperpolarization generated in an MRI system for fast imaging.

A B Schmidt1, S Berner1,2,3, W Schimpf1

  • 1Department of Radiology, Medical Physics, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Breisacherstrasse 60a, Freiburg 79106, Germany.

Nature Communications
|March 7, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed a new method to create hyperpolarized (HP) tracers for MRI without external polarizers. This technique, Synthesis Amid the Magnet Bore, A Dramatically Enhanced Nuclear Alignment (SAMBADENA), simplifies HP tracer production and may enable new diagnostic applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging
  • Metabolic Monitoring
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Hyperpolarized (HP) tracers significantly enhance MRI sensitivity for non-invasive metabolic monitoring in vivo.
  • Current HP tracer production relies on complex, costly external polarizing devices.
  • HP tracer instability and transfer losses limit their clinical utility.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a novel method for producing HP tracers without external polarizers.
  • To demonstrate the feasibility of achieving high hyperpolarization levels using the new technique.
  • To reduce the cost and complexity associated with HP tracer production for broader accessibility.

Main Methods:

  • Development of the Synthesis Amid the Magnet Bore, A Dramatically Enhanced Nuclear Alignment (SAMBADENA) technique.
  • Production of HP tracers in water within seconds using SAMBADENA.
  • Characterization of hyperpolarization levels achieved by the SAMBADENA method.

Main Results:

  • Successful production of HP tracers in water without external polarizing equipment.
  • Achieved hyperpolarization levels of approximately 20% within seconds.
  • Eliminated the need for tracer transfer, preserving polarization enhancement.

Conclusions:

  • SAMBADENA offers a cost-effective and simplified approach to HP tracer production.
  • This method has the potential to improve diagnostic capabilities using MRI.
  • The technique is particularly promising for expanding the use of para-hydrogen tracers in biomedical applications.