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Precipitation of Ions03:11

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A significant aspect of hydroboration–oxidation is the regio- and stereochemical outcome of the reaction.
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Recrystallization: Solid–Solution Equilibria01:10

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Recrystallization is a purification technique used to separate impurities from solid compounds. In this technique, no chemical reactions occur. Instead, it exploits physical properties only, specifically, the solubility differences between the desired compound and impurities, either at a single temperature or at different temperatures, and under other selected conditions. The solid-solution equilibrium (solubility equilibrium) of each component in the solution represents a binary phase...
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Gravimetry: Inorganic And Organic Precipitating Agents00:49

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In gravimetry, the precipitant is chosen carefully to obtain a pure solid that can be easily filtered. Common inorganic precipitants can be used to determine several cations and anions. In some cases, the formation of the same precipitate can be used to determine the cation and the anion. For example, the reaction of barium and chromate ions to give barium chromate is used to determine both barium and chromate. However, precipitates such as hydroxides, oxalates, and metal ammonium phosphates...
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Washing, Drying, and Ignition of Precipitates00:52

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After filtration, the precipitate is washed to remove coprecipitated impurities and any remaining mother liquor. Colloidal precipitates, such as silver chloride, are washed with an electrolyte (such as dilute nitric acid) to prevent the peptization of the precipitate. In the case of slightly soluble precipitates, the wash solution contains a common ion to reduce solubility. Lead sulfate, which is slightly soluble in water, is washed with dilute sulfuric acid. Similarly, wash solutions may be...
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Hydroboration-Oxidation of Alkenes03:08

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In addition to the oxymercuration–demercuration method, which converts the alkenes to alcohols with Markovnikov orientation, a complementary hydroboration-oxidation method yields the anti-Markovnikov product. The hydroboration reaction, discovered in 1959 by H.C. Brown, involves the addition of a B–H bond of borane to an alkene giving an organoborane intermediate. The oxidation of this intermediate with basic hydrogen peroxide forms an alcohol.
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Sulfate Separation by Selective Crystallization with a Bis-iminoguanidinium Ligand
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Rare earth separations by selective borate crystallization.

Xuemiao Yin1, Yaxing Wang1, Xiaojing Bai2

  • 1School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Soochow University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou 215123, China.

Nature Communications
|March 15, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Separating lanthanides is challenging due to their similar properties. This study uses borate crystallization to amplify subtle bonding differences, enabling efficient and cost-effective separation of rare earth elements.

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Area of Science:

  • Inorganic Chemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Green Chemistry

Background:

  • Lanthanide separation is crucial for advanced technologies but difficult due to similar chemical properties.
  • Developing efficient, cost-effective, and green separation methods is a global priority.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel separation strategy for trivalent lanthanides by amplifying subtle bonding differences.
  • To achieve efficient and cost-effective separation of rare earth elements using selective crystallization.

Main Methods:

  • Investigating the crystallization of lanthanide borates under identical reaction conditions.
  • Analyzing lanthanide coordination alterations, borate polymerization diversity, and soft ligand selectivity.
  • Utilizing selective crystallization and density-based flotation for separation.

Main Results:

  • Six distinct lanthanide borate phases were obtained across the lanthanide series.
  • Demonstrated efficient solid/aqueous and solid/solid separation of Nd/Sm and Nd/Dy binary models.
  • Achieved enhanced separation efficiency for Nd/Sm and one-step quantitative separation for Nd/Dy.

Conclusions:

  • Subtle bonding differences in trivalent lanthanides can be amplified during borate crystallization.
  • Selective crystallization of borates offers an efficient, cost-effective, and green approach for lanthanide separation.
  • This method provides a viable strategy for rare earth element separation in industrial applications.