Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes01:23

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes

1.3K
In the absence of an external magnetic field, nuclear spin states are degenerate and randomly oriented. When a magnetic field is applied, the spins begin to precess and orient themselves along (lower energy) or against (higher energy) the direction of the field. At equilibrium, a slight excess population of spins exists in the lower energy state. Because the direction of the magnetic field is fixed as the z-axis,  the precessing magnetic moments are randomly oriented around the z-axis.
1.3K
Atomic Nuclei: Magnetic Resonance01:05

Atomic Nuclei: Magnetic Resonance

1.3K
The number of nuclear spins aligned in the lower energy state is slightly greater than those in the higher energy state. In the presence of an external magnetic field, as the spins precess at the Larmor frequency, the excess population results in a net magnetization oriented along the z axis. When a pulse or a short burst of radio waves at the Larmor frequency is applied along the x axis, the coupling of frequencies causes resonance and flips the nuclear spins of the excess population from the...
1.3K
Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Overview01:03

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Overview

2.1K
NMR-active nuclei have energy levels called 'spin states' that are associated with the orientations of their nuclear magnetic moments. In the absence of a magnetic field, the nuclear magnetic moments are randomly oriented, and the spin states are degenerate. When an external magnetic field is applied, the spin states have only 2 + 1 orientations available to them. A proton with = ½ has two available orientations. Similarly, for a quadrupolar nucleus with a nuclear spin value of one, the...
2.1K
Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Magnetic Moment00:59

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Magnetic Moment

3.4K
All atomic nuclei are positively charged. When they have a nonzero spin, they behave like rotating charges. As a consequence of their charge and spin, these nuclei generate a magnetic field (B). This, in turn, gives rise to a magnetic moment (μ), which is randomly oriented in the absence of an external magnetic field. When an external magnetic field (B0) is applied, the magnetic moment vectors can align with the field or against it in 2 + 1 orientations. A hydrogen nucleus, which is just a...
3.4K
Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Population Distribution01:14

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Population Distribution

2.5K
Near absolute zero temperatures, in the presence of a magnetic field, the majority of nuclei prefer the lower energy spin-up state to the higher energy spin-down state. As temperatures increase, the energy from thermal collisions distributes the spins more equally between the two states. The Boltzmann distribution equation gives the ratio of the number of spins predicted in the spin −½ (N−) and spin +½ (N+) states.
2.5K
Diamagnetic Shielding of Nuclei: Local Diamagnetic Current01:14

Diamagnetic Shielding of Nuclei: Local Diamagnetic Current

1.5K
An applied magnetic field causes the electrons present in the molecule to circulate, setting up a local diamagnetic current within the molecule. The local diamagnetic current arising from circulating sigma-bonding electrons induces a magnetic field, Blocal that opposes the applied magnetic field, B0. The effective magnetic field experienced by these nuclei is given by the difference between the applied and local magnetic fields in a phenomenon called local diamagnetic shielding. Essentially,...
1.5K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Low-Energy Dipole Strength Distribution in ^{102}Ru: Coexistence of Scissors and Octupole Resonances.

Physical review letters·2026
Same author

Beta-Decay Half-Lives beyond ^{54}Ca: A Systematic Survey of Decay Properties Approaching the Neutron Dripline.

Physical review letters·2026
Same author

Clarifying the N,Z=14 Shells near the Drip Lines from the Spectroscopy of ^{22}Si and ^{21}Al.

Physical review letters·2026
Same author

Universal Effective Charges in the sd and fp Shells.

Physical review letters·2025
Same author

Molecular identification of tapeworm infection in a bottlenose dolphin, <i>Tursiops</i> sp., in South Carolina, USA.

Journal of helminthology·2025
Same author

Deformation and Collectivity in Doubly Magic ^{208}Pb.

Physical review letters·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 6, 2026

Hyperpolarized Xenon for NMR and MRI Applications
16:20

Hyperpolarized Xenon for NMR and MRI Applications

Published on: September 6, 2012

20.2K

Low-Energy Magnetic Dipole Radiation in Open-Shell Nuclei.

R Schwengner1, S Frauendorf2, B A Brown3

  • 1Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01328 Dresden, Germany.

Physical Review Letters
|March 18, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Low-energy M1 strength functions in iron isotopes reveal a shift from a zero-energy spike to a bimodal structure. This development impacts nuclear structure studies and explains experimental discrepancies in resonance strength.

More Related Videos

Dissolution Dynamic Nuclear Polarization Instrumentation for Real-time Enzymatic Reaction Rate Measurements by NMR
10:54

Dissolution Dynamic Nuclear Polarization Instrumentation for Real-time Enzymatic Reaction Rate Measurements by NMR

Published on: February 23, 2016

11.2K
Preparing an Isotopically Pure 229Th Ion Beam for Studies of 229mTh
10:42

Preparing an Isotopically Pure 229Th Ion Beam for Studies of 229mTh

Published on: May 3, 2019

7.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 6, 2026

Hyperpolarized Xenon for NMR and MRI Applications
16:20

Hyperpolarized Xenon for NMR and MRI Applications

Published on: September 6, 2012

20.2K
Dissolution Dynamic Nuclear Polarization Instrumentation for Real-time Enzymatic Reaction Rate Measurements by NMR
10:54

Dissolution Dynamic Nuclear Polarization Instrumentation for Real-time Enzymatic Reaction Rate Measurements by NMR

Published on: February 23, 2016

11.2K
Preparing an Isotopically Pure 229Th Ion Beam for Studies of 229mTh
10:42

Preparing an Isotopically Pure 229Th Ion Beam for Studies of 229mTh

Published on: May 3, 2019

7.4K

Area of Science:

  • Nuclear Physics
  • Atomic and Molecular Physics

Background:

  • Low-energy M1 strength functions are crucial for understanding nuclear structure.
  • Nuclei near closed shells exhibit a characteristic zero-energy spike in M1 strength.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate the evolution of low-energy M1 strength functions in iron isotopes (^60,64,68Fe).
  • Study the development of M1 strength from the bottom to the middle of the neutron shell.

Main Methods:

  • Large-scale shell-model calculations were employed.
  • Analysis focused on iron isotopes (^60,64,68Fe).

Main Results:

  • Observed the transition from a zero-energy spike to a bimodal M1 strength structure.
  • Identified a weaker zero-energy spike and a scissors-like resonance around 3 MeV.
  • Summed strengths showed minimal change (~8%) around 9.8 μN² across isotopes.
  • The scissors resonance region's strength is approximately three times the total gamma absorption strength.

Conclusions:

  • The bimodal structure in M1 strength functions is a key feature in the studied iron isotopes.
  • The findings help reconcile discrepancies between different experimental methods for determining scissors resonance strengths.