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Related Concept Videos

Bones of the Upper Limb: Humerus01:19

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The upper limb consists of the arm, forearm, wrist, and hand bones. The humerus is the single bone of the upper arm region. Proximally, it has a large, spherical, smooth head that articulates with the glenoid cavity of the scapula to form the glenohumeral or shoulder joint. The margin of the head is the anatomical neck, a residual epiphyseal plate. Laterally it extends to form bony projections called the greater tubercle and the lesser tubercle. Next to the tubercles is the surgical neck, a...
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The ulna and radius are parallel bones of the antebrachium or the forearm. The ulna lies medially and consists of a bony tip called the olecranon process at its proximal end. This hook-like projection articulates with the olecranon fossa of the humerus and forms the "hinged" ulnohumeral part of the elbow joint. This joint facilitates forearm extension and flexion while preventing its hyperextension. Similarly, the coronoid process, another bony projection on the proximal/anterior side...
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The radius is longer of the two bones that make up the human antebrachium or forearm. At the proximal end, the radius articulates with the capitulum of the humerus and the radial notch of the ulna to form the elbow joint. At the distal end, the radius articulates with the ulna via the ulnar notch, forming the distal radioulnar joint. Distally, the radius also attaches to the carpal wrist bones (scaphoid and lunate) to form the radiocarpal joint.
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Arteries of the Upper Limbs01:12

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The subclavian artery transitions into the axillary artery as it exits the chest and enters the axillary region. This artery is critical for supplying blood to the shoulder area, including the head of the humerus, through the humeral circumflex arteries. As the vessel continues into the upper arm or brachium, it becomes the brachial artery. This artery plays a key role in vascularizing the brachial region and bifurcates at the elbow into several branches. These branches include the deep...
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Changes in the Appendicular Skeleton with Age01:09

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The upper and lower limb initially develops as a small bulge called a limb bud, which appears on the lateral side of the early embryo. The upper limb bud appears near the end of the fourth week of development, with the lower limb bud appearing shortly after.
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Author Spotlight: Enhancing Upper Limb Rehabilitation in Stroke Patients Through Advanced Robotic and Neuromodulation Technologies
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Upper Limb Dimelia.

Takehiko Takagi1, Ayano Nojiri2, Atsuhito Seki2

  • 1Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Surgical Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan.

The Journal of Hand Surgery
|March 21, 2017
PubMed
Summary

A rare case of upper limb dimelia was treated with amputation of the duplicated limb. This procedure improved cosmetic appearance and maintained the range of motion in the remaining limb.

Keywords:
Upper limb dimeliaamniotic constrictioncongenital anomalyduplicationepidermoid cyst

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedics
  • Medical Genetics

Background:

  • Upper limb dimelia is a rare congenital anomaly characterized by duplication of limb elements.
  • This case presents a severe form with duplication of scapula, humerus, radius, and ulna, along with polydactyly.

Observation:

  • The patient presented with a duplicated upper limb, featuring distinct anatomical structures in both the superior and inferior limbs.
  • Surgical intervention involved amputation of the inferior, duplicated limb.

Findings:

  • The amputation resulted in significant cosmetic improvement.
  • Crucially, the range of motion in the preserved superior limb was maintained post-surgery.
  • Intraoperative findings revealed a unique vascular and neural connection between the two limbs, with the ulnar nerve and brachial artery bifurcating to supply the inferior limb.

Implications:

  • This case highlights the importance of individualized surgical planning for rare congenital anomalies like upper limb dimelia.
  • Understanding the specific vascular and neural anatomy is critical for successful surgical outcomes.
  • Further research into the embryological basis of such anomalies may inform future treatment strategies.