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Related Concept Videos

Olfaction01:25

Olfaction

49.3K
The sense of smell is achieved through the activities of the olfactory system. It starts when an airborne odorant enters the nasal cavity and reaches olfactory epithelium (OE). The OE is protected by a thin layer of mucus, which also serves the purpose of dissolving more complex compounds into simpler chemical odorants. The size of the OE and the density of sensory neurons varies among species; in humans, the OE is only about 9-10 cm2.
The olfactory receptors are embedded in the cilia of the...
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Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure01:03

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The process of olfaction, also known as the sense of smell, is a sophisticated chemical response system. The specialized sensory neurons that facilitate this process, known as olfactory receptor neurons, are situated in an upper segment of the nasal cavity, known as the olfactory epithelium. Olfactory sensory neurons are bipolar, with their dendrites extending from the epithelium's apex into the mucus that lines the nasal cavity. Airborne molecules, when inhaled, traverse the olfactory...
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Physiology of Smell and Olfactory Pathway01:20

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Humans detect odors with the help of specialized cells located in the upper part of the nasal cavity, called olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs). ORNs possess hair-like structures called cilia, which are receptive to sensations from the inhaled air. When an odorant molecule binds to a specific receptor on the cell of the cilia, it leads to a series of events that ultimately cause the ORN to send electrical signals to the olfactory bulb in the brain through the olfactory nerves.
The olfactory...
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Olfactory Assays for Mouse Models of Neurodegenerative Disease
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Assessment of Olfactory Memory in Olfactory Dysfunction.

Kathrin Kollndorfer1, Johanna Reichert2, Josephine Braunsteiner1

  • 1Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Austria.

Perception
|March 23, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Episodic olfactory memory tests are influenced by odor identification abilities in patients with decreased olfactory function. Further research is needed to develop new tests for better clinical assessment of olfactory perception.

Keywords:
hyposmiaodor memory testsolfactionolfactory dysfunctionolfactory episodic memory

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Olfactory Perception Research
  • Clinical Psychology

Background:

  • Olfactory perception involves sensitivity, discrimination, and identification.
  • Episodic olfactory memory may provide additional insights into olfactory abilities.
  • Olfactory and memory deficits are early indicators of neurodegenerative disorders.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate episodic olfactory memory performance in patients with hyposmia.
  • To determine the relationship between olfactory memory and standard olfactory tests.
  • To assess the utility of current olfactory memory tests in clinical settings.

Main Methods:

  • 14 hyposmic patients completed two episodic odor memory tests.
  • Verbal and figural memory tests were used to control for general memory impairment.
  • A regression model analyzed predictors for odor memory performance.

Main Results:

  • Odor identification was the sole significant predictor for both odor memory tasks.
  • Current olfactory memory tests are highly dependent on odor identification skills.
  • No significant correlation was found between odor memory and general memory tests.

Conclusions:

  • Existing episodic olfactory memory tests may not independently assess olfactory memory.
  • There is a need for developing and validating new olfactory memory tests.
  • Improved olfactory memory tests could enhance clinical assessment of olfactory perception.