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Attentional Deficits Following Preterm Birth: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Kathrin Kollndorfer1, Darlene Alicia Hörle1, Florian Ph S Fischmeister1

  • 1Developmental and Interventional Neuroimaging Lab (DINLAB), Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Children born preterm exhibit significant attention deficits, impacting both sustained and selective attention. These impairments are more severe in extremely preterm infants, highlighting the need for targeted early interventions.

Keywords:
cognitive developmentmeta-analysispreterm birthselective attentionsustained attention

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Pediatrics

Background:

  • Preterm birth is linked to neurodevelopmental issues, including attention problems.
  • Existing evidence on attention in school-aged preterm children requires synthesis.
  • Understanding attentional deficits is crucial for early intervention strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review and meta-analyze evidence on sustained and selective attention in school-aged preterm children.
  • To quantify attention deficits associated with preterm birth.
  • To explore the impact of gestational age on attention outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review and meta-analysis following PRISMA guidelines.
  • Literature search across major databases (PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science).
  • Inclusion of 15 studies for sustained attention and 12 for selective attention in children aged 5-12 years.

Main Results:

  • Preterm children demonstrated significantly poorer sustained attention (Hedges' g = -0.31) and selective attention (Hedges' g = -0.27) compared to term-born controls.
  • Sustained attention deficits were observed across all gestational age subgroups.
  • Selective attention deficits were more pronounced in very early and extremely early preterm infants (born before 32 weeks).

Conclusions:

  • Preterm birth is associated with persistent deficits in sustained and selective attention.
  • Children born before 32 weeks gestation are particularly vulnerable to attention impairments.
  • Early monitoring and tailored interventions are essential for supporting attentional development in preterm populations.