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Related Concept Videos

Role Of Notch Signalling In Intestinal Stem Cell Renewal01:12

Role Of Notch Signalling In Intestinal Stem Cell Renewal

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Notch signaling was first discovered in Drosophila melanogaster, where it is involved in cell lineage differentiation. Notch signaling regulates the maintenance and differentiation of intestinal stem cells or ISCs by controlling the expression of atonal homolog 1 or Atoh1. Atoh1 directs cells to differentiate into secretory cells.
Direct cell-to-cell contact is needed for the activation of Notch signaling. The signal is initiated when a notch ligand binds to a receptor on an adjacent cell, also...
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The Notch signaling pathway is a major intracellular signaling pathway that is highly conserved over a broad spectrum of metazoan species. It stands unique from other intracellular signaling mechanisms in animals because notch protein itself acts as the receptor as well as the primary signaling molecule.
The Notch gene came into the limelight in 1914 after the discovery that its mutation in Drosophila melanogaster leads to a serrated (or "notched") wing margin phenotype. It was not...
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Stem Cell Niche

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The stem cell niche is the dynamic microenvironment where stem cells reside. Inside these niches, the cells may remain undifferentiated, undergo high self-renewal, or become lineage-specific progenitors. Stem cells coexist with other niche cells, such as stromal cells. They also interact closely with the ECM. Cell-cell and cell-matrix communication occur via adhesion molecules or soluble factors that signal the stem cells and determine their fate. Stromal cells also provide survival signals to...
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A hair follicle or HF is a small part of the skin that produces the hair shaft. Paul Gerson Unna was the first to observe a bulge in the human hair follicle's outer root sheath (ORS). The bulge is present between the sebaceous gland and the arrector pili muscle and is the niche for hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs). The bulge is also a niche for melanocyte stem cells, and their loss results in graying of hair. The HFSCs express Sox9 and Lhx2, which help them maintain stemness and prevent...
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All blood and immune cells are produced from the multipotent hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) by the process of hematopoiesis. However, they all have a limited life span. In addition, many are depleted in immune surveillance or combatting an injury or infection. This makes blood one of the most regenerative tissues. Hematopoiesis helps replenish these blood and immune cells, restoring the body's normal functioning. However, overproduction of blood and immune cells can make them cancerous or...
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The hematopoietic stem cells or HSCs are multipotent, meaning they can differentiate and give rise to all blood and immune cells. HSCs are maintained in the quiescent stage until an external stimulus initiates their differentiation. The multipotent HSCs exist as two heterogeneous populations, long-term repopulating cells (LTRC) and short-term repopulating cells (STRC). The two HSC populations have different surface markers or receptors and are classified based on quiescence and long-term...
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Stimulation of Notch Signaling in Mouse Osteoclast Precursors
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Asymmetric Notch Amplification to Secure Stem Cell Identity.

Anthony M Rossi1, Claude Desplan1

  • 1Department of Biology, New York University, 1009 Silver Center, 100 Washington Square East, New York, NY 10003, USA.

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|March 29, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Neural stem cells use a Notch and super elongation complex (SEC) feedback loop to rapidly distinguish between stem cells and progenitors. This mechanism ensures efficient neural development and cell fate determination.

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental biology
  • Stem cell research
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Stem cells possess self-renewal capacity and generate transient progenitor cells.
  • Understanding the molecular mechanisms governing stem cell differentiation is crucial for developmental biology.
  • Neural stem cells (NSCs) are key players in brain development, requiring precise regulation of self-renewal and differentiation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying asymmetric cell division in neural stem cells.
  • To elucidate the role of Notch signaling and its interplay with other cellular complexes in stem cell fate determination.
  • To identify the factors contributing to the rapid differentiation of stem cells into progenitors.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized live imaging techniques to observe cell division dynamics in neural stem cells.
  • Employed genetic manipulation to study the function of Notch signaling and the super elongation complex (SEC).
  • Analyzed gene expression patterns to understand the molecular pathways involved in cell fate decisions.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated that Notch activity is asymmetrically amplified in certain neural stem cells.
  • Identified a positive feedback loop between Notch signaling and the super elongation complex (SEC).
  • Showed that this amplification mechanism promotes the rapid differentiation of stem cells into progenitors.

Conclusions:

  • The asymmetric amplification of Notch activity via a positive feedback loop with the SEC is a key mechanism for rapid stem cell differentiation.
  • This process allows neural stem cells to efficiently transition to progenitor states, ensuring proper neural development.
  • The findings provide new insights into the regulation of stem cell fate and the molecular basis of differentiation.