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Related Concept Videos

Gastrulation01:56

Gastrulation

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Gastrulation establishes the three primary tissues of an embryo: the ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. This developmental process relies on a series of intricate cellular movements, which in humans transforms a flat, “bilaminar disc” composed of two cell sheets into a three-tiered structure. In the resulting embryo, the endoderm serves as the bottom layer, and stacked directly above it is the intermediate mesoderm, and then the uppermost ectoderm. Respectively, these tissue strata...
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An electronmicroscopic study of developing amphibian ectoderm.

Richard M Eakin1,2, F E Lehmann1

  • 1Zoologischen Institut und der Abteilung für Elektronenmikroskopie des Chemischen Instituts der Universität Bern, Schweiz.

Wilhelm Roux' Archiv Fur Entwicklungsmechanik Der Organismen
|March 30, 2017
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study examines ectoderm development in Xenopus laevis and Triturus alpestris embryos using electron microscopy. It details cellular changes, particularly in mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum, during gastrulation and neurulation, highlighting their roles in tissue differentiation.

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Cell Biology
  • Electron Microscopy

Background:

  • Early embryonic development involves significant cellular differentiation.
  • Ectoderm forms the basis for neural tissues and epidermis.
  • Understanding ultrastructural changes is key to developmental processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize the ultrastructural features of ectoderm during early embryonic development in amphibians.
  • To investigate the differentiation of endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria in various ectodermal tissues.
  • To explore the role of intercellular contacts in neural induction.

Main Methods:

  • Electron microscopy was used to examine ectoderm from Xenopus laevis and Triturus alpestris gastrulae, neurulae, and tailbud embryos.
  • Tissue samples were preserved using specific fixatives and sectioned at high resolution (0.025-0.75 μm).
  • Detailed photographic analysis captured ultrastructural details of cellular organelles and intercellular relationships.

Main Results:

  • Early gastrular ectoderm shows a loose endoplasmic reticulum and globular mitochondria.
  • Presumptive medullary plate ectoderm exhibits denser reticula and more rod-like mitochondria.
  • Tailbud neural and epidermal cells display distinct mitochondrial morphologies and cytoplasmic organization, with evidence of secretory activity in epidermis.

Conclusions:

  • Mitochondrial morphology undergoes significant changes, suggesting a process of "differentiation" linked to cell fate.
  • Intercellular contacts and cytoplasmic processes are crucial for tissue interactions, including neural induction.
  • The study provides detailed ultrastructural insights into amphibian ectoderm development and differentiation.