Univariate and multivariate analyses of rare earth elements by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy

Area of Science:

• Analytical Chemistry
• Materials Science
• Spectroscopy

Background:

• Accurate quantification of rare earth elements (REEs) is crucial for various industrial applications.
• Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) offers a rapid and sensitive method for elemental analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

• To perform univariate and multivariate analyses of six REEs (Ce, Eu, Gd, Nd, Sm, Y) using LIBS.
• To develop and validate calibration models for REE quantification in an Al2O3 matrix.

Main Methods:

• LIBS was employed to analyze binary and complex mixtures of REE oxides in an Al2O3 powder matrix.
• Working samples with varying REE concentrations (1-10% for univariate, 1-50% for multivariate) were prepared.
• Optimum LIBS parameters (gate delay, gate width, laser energy) were determined for spectral acquisition.

Main Results:

• Calibration models were developed using univariate and multivariate approaches.
• The calculated limits of detection (LODs) for Ce, Eu, Gd, Nd, Sm, and Y were determined.
• Specific LODs achieved were: Ce (0.098%), Eu (0.052%), Gd (0.077%), Nd (0.047%), Sm (0.250%), and Y (0.036%).

Conclusions:

• LIBS is a viable technique for the quantitative analysis of multiple REEs in complex matrices.
• The developed calibration models demonstrate the potential for accurate REE determination using LIBS.