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Electrokinetically controlled fluid injection into unicellular microalgae.

Xuewen Zhou1, Xixi Zhang1, Jonathan Boualavong1

  • 1Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA.

Electrophoresis
|April 5, 2017
PubMed
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Electrokinetic microinjection effectively delivers biomolecules into Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. This method enhances cell viability and offers new possibilities for using microalgae as biosynthetic factories.

Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology
  • Cell Biology
  • Microfluidics

Background:

  • Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is a model microalga extensively studied for its potential as a biosynthetic factory.
  • Efficient and precise delivery of biomolecules into microalgae is crucial for advancing their research and applications.
  • Existing microinjection techniques face challenges with motile cells like Chlamydomonas reinhardtii.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate an electrokinetically controlled microinjection system for Chlamydomonas reinhardtii.
  • To assess the impact of electrokinetic flow on cell viability during microinjection.
  • To demonstrate the successful quantitative delivery of molecules into microalgae.

Main Methods:

  • A microinjection system utilizing glass capillary pipettes was engineered.
Keywords:
ElectroosmosisElectrophoresisMicroalgaeMicroinjectionNumerical analyses

Related Experiment Videos

  • Electrodes were strategically placed within the injection pipette and external media to create an electric field.
  • Cell viability was assessed using fluorescein diacetate/propidium iodide staining.
  • Delivery of fluorescent molecules was confirmed via microscopy and volume changes.

    • Main Results:

    • Electrokinetically controlled microinjection proved effective for capturing and impaling motile Chlamydomonas reinhardtii.
    • Cell viability was maintained for over an hour at low voltages (0.01 V) and improved with decreased voltage.
    • Viability was significantly influenced by the composition of the solution within the injection pipette.
    • Successful delivery of fluorescent molecules was confirmed by increased cell volume and fluorescence uptake.

    Conclusions:

    • Electrokinetic control offers a viable method for microinjection into Chlamydomonas reinhardtii.
    • The system enables quantitative delivery of biomolecules, enhancing the potential of microalgae as biosynthetic factories.
    • Further research can leverage this technique for genetic engineering and metabolic pathway studies in microalgae.