Assessing Emotionally Intelligent Leadership in Pharmacy Students.
Robert C Haight1, Claire Kolar2, Michael H Nelson1
1Regis University, Denver, Colorado.
American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education
|April 7, 2017
Summary
This study assessed pharmacy students using the Emotionally Intelligent Leadership Inventory (EILI). Results indicate EILI effectively measures emotional intelligence and leadership skills relevant to pharmacy practice.
Area of Science:
- Pharmacy Education
- Leadership Studies
- Psychometrics
Background:
- Emotional intelligence and leadership skills are crucial for effective pharmacy practice.
- Assessing these competencies in pharmacy students is essential for professional development.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine the frequency distribution of pharmacy students across the Emotionally Intelligent Leadership Inventory (EILI) measures.
- To evaluate the EILI's validity and reliability for assessing pharmacy students' emotional intelligence and leadership capabilities.
Main Methods:
- The EILI was administered to 235 pharmacy students across two institutions.
- Confirmatory factor analysis was employed to assess the instrument's structure.
- The EILI was systematically compared against the 2013 CAPE Outcomes.
Main Results:
- The EILI demonstrated strong correlations with pharmacy competencies in interprofessional communication and leadership.
- Internal consistency was verified for the EILI's three facets: Context (α=.78), Self (α=.74), and Others (α=.79).
- Pharmacy students achieved the highest mean scores in the 'consciousness of self' facet (31.4/40).
Conclusions:
- The EILI is a promising instrument for evaluating emotional intelligence and leadership skills in pharmacy students.
- Findings support the EILI's utility in pharmacy education for competency assessment.
Related Concept Videos
03:00Self-Evaluation: Self-Enhancement and Self-Verification
Social psychologists have documented that feeling good about ourselves and maintaining positive self-esteem is a powerful motivator of human behavior (Tavris & Aronson, 2008). In the United States, members of the predominant culture typically think very highly of themselves and view themselves as good people who are above average on many desirable traits (Ehrlinger, Gilovich, & Ross, 2005). Often, our behavior, attitudes, and beliefs are affected when we experience a threat to our...
02:34Empathy
Some researchers suggest that altruism operates on empathy. Empathy is the capacity to understand another person’s perspective, to feel what he or she feels. An empathetic person makes an emotional connection with others and feels compelled to help (Batson, 1991). Empathy can be expressed in several ways, including cognitive, affective, and motor.
01:20Lazarus's Cognitive Appraisal Theory
Cognitive psychologist Richard Lazarus proposed the cognitive-mediational theory of emotions, which emphasizes how individuals' assessments of stressors significantly affect their experience of stress. According to Lazarus, the stress response is determined by a two-step appraisal process: primary appraisal and secondary appraisal. These cognitive appraisals help individuals evaluate the potential impact of a stressor and determine the adequacy of their coping resources.
Primary Appraisal:...
Primary Appraisal:...
01:29Introspection
Introspection, long upheld as a reliable route to self-knowledge, involves examining one's thoughts, emotions, and mental processes. It underpins many psychological practices, from mindfulness meditation to psychotherapy and self-help strategies. However, empirical evidence challenges the accuracy of introspection as a means of understanding oneself.Limitations of Introspective InsightSeminal work by Nisbett and Wilson demonstrated that individuals are frequently unaware of the true causes...
01:24Sources of Self-Esteem II: Performance Feedback
Self-esteem is intricately tied to our perception of competence and our ability to exert control over our lives. One of the primary sources of this perception is performance feedback — the ongoing evaluation of our actions in terms of success and failure. According to Franks and Marolla (1976), people derive self-worth from experiencing themselves as causal agents, capable of achieving goals and overcoming obstacles. This process nurtures a critical component of self-esteem: self-efficacy,...
01:29Factors Influencing Attraction V: Social Skills
Social skills play a crucial role in shaping interpersonal interactions and enhancing individuals' ability to navigate various social environments successfully. These skills contribute to personal and professional success, influencing how others perceive and treat individuals. High social skills provide distinct advantages in numerous settings, including romantic relationships, politics, and legal proceedings. In courtroom settings, for instance, defendants who exhibit strong social skills are...