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NIST Standard Reference Material 3600: Absolute Intensity Calibration Standard for Small-Angle X-ray Scattering.

Andrew J Allen1, Fan Zhang1, R Joseph Kline2

  • 1Materials Measurement Science Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology , 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA.

Journal of Applied Crystallography
|April 7, 2017
PubMed
Summary

A new standard reference material (SRM 3600) for small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) intensity calibration has been certified. This glassy carbon standard ensures accurate and universal SAXS instrument calibration across various X-ray energies.

Keywords:
absolute scattering intensity calibrationglassy carbonsmall-angle X-ray scatteringstandard reference materials

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Physics

Background:

  • Accurate intensity calibration is crucial for quantitative analysis in small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS).
  • Existing calibration methods can be instrument-specific and lack universal applicability.
  • A need exists for a stable, robust standard reference material for SAXS intensity calibration.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present the certification of NIST Standard Reference Material (SRM) 3600, an absolute intensity calibration standard for SAXS.
  • To describe the methodology for achieving and validating the intensity calibration of the SRM.
  • To outline the intended use, availability, and universal applicability of the new SAXS standard.

Main Methods:

  • Development of SRM 3600 based on glassy carbon, leveraging ultra-small-angle X-ray scattering (USAXS) primary calibration capabilities.
  • Intensity calibration achieved and validated within the certified Q range of 0.008–0.25 Å⁻¹.
  • Validation of SAXS intensity calibration using small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) techniques.

Main Results:

  • Successful certification of SRM 3600 as an absolute intensity calibration standard for SAXS.
  • Demonstrated universal applicability of the SRM for SAXS instruments with transmission geometry across diverse X-ray energies/wavelengths.
  • Validation of the SRM's SAXS intensity calibration using SANS, with potential for future SANS inclusion.

Conclusions:

  • NIST SRM 3600 provides a reliable and universally applicable standard for SAXS absolute intensity calibration.
  • The SRM enhances the accuracy and comparability of SAXS data across different instruments and laboratories.
  • Future work may extend the SRM's utility to include small-angle neutron scattering calibration.