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Risk and Protective Factors Associated with Surgical Infections among Spine Patients
Alyssa G Blood1, Melanie F Sandoval1, Evalina Burger1
11 Department of Orthopedics, University of Colorado-Denver School of Medicine , Aurora, Colorado.
Surgical Infections
|April 11, 2017
Summary
Identifying patient and procedure factors is key to preventing surgical site infections (SSIs) after spine surgery. Optimizing protective measures and minimizing risks are crucial for better patient outcomes.
Area of Science:
- Orthopedic Surgery
- Infectious Disease Epidemiology
- Patient Safety
Background:
- Surgical site infections (SSIs) pose a significant risk to patients undergoing spinal surgery.
- Understanding risk and protective factors is essential for developing effective prevention strategies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To identify patient-specific and procedure-specific risk and protective factors associated with post-operative SSIs in spinal surgery patients.
Main Methods:
- A systematic review of literature published between January 2003 and March 2015.
- Searched CINAHL, PubMed, Ovid, Medline, and EBSCO databases using keywords related to spine surgery and post-operative infections.
- Included 29 articles meeting specific inclusion criteria, adhering to PRISMA guidelines.
Main Results:
- Evidence on risk and protective factors for post-operative SSIs in spinal surgery is inconclusive.
- Common patient-specific risk factors include male gender, older age, higher BMI, smoking, diabetes, prior infection, and alcohol abuse.
- Procedure-specific factors like blood transfusion, implantation, and steroid use showed varied associations with SSIs. Protective factors include pre-operative optimization, intra-operative measures, and specific surgical techniques.
Conclusions:
- Minimizing patient and operation-specific risk factors, while optimizing protective factors, is most effective in reducing post-operative infection likelihood.
- Further research is needed to clarify conflicting evidence regarding specific risk and protective factors in spinal surgery SSIs.