Mitral valve replacement in severely calcified mitral valve annulus: a 10-year experience

Severe calcification in the mitral valve annulus is a challenging problem during mitral valve surgery. We describe our experience with mitral valve replacement in severely calcified mitral valve without decalcification of the annulus.

Between April 2001 and July 2011, 61 patients underwent mitral valve replacement with severe mitral annulus calcification without decalcification of the annulus. This retrospective study was performed to assess the surgical and the long-term postoperative outcomes in this group.

The mean age of the patients was 75.2 ± 9.2 years. Twenty-four patients (53%) were in New York Heart Association Class III/IV. Twenty-six patients (58%) had good left ventricular function. Mean logistic EuroSCORE was 8.75. Isolated mitral valve replacement was performed in 12 patients (27%). Coronary artery bypass grafting was done in 13 patients (29%). In-hospital mortality was 4.9% (3 patients). Postoperative morbidity included re-exploration for bleeding in 3 patients (7%) and transient renal impairment in 10 patients (22%). Three patients required intra-aortic balloon pump (7%) for low cardiac output syndrome. Seven patients (16%) required permanent pacemaker, and 1 patient (2%) had thromboembolic event. The 1-year survival was 93.3%, and the 5-year survival was 78.8%. The mean echocardiography follow-up was 40 months. There was no paravalvular leak detected in any patient in the long-term follow-up. None of the patients had valve-related reoperation.

Mitral valve replacement without annular decalcification in severely calcified mitral valve annulus is a safe and an effective approach and has good long-term outcome.