The microbiome in anti-cancer therapy

Area of Science:

• Oncology
• Microbiome Research
• Immunotherapy

Background:

• The host microbiome influences cancer development and progression.
• Emerging evidence suggests the microbiome modulates anti-cancer treatment efficacy.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review recent advances in understanding the microbiome's role in modulating anti-cancer treatment efficacy.
• To discuss the potential of the tumor microbiome for enhancing oncological treatment.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of studies investigating microbiome-cancer treatment interactions.
• Analysis of mechanisms by which the microbiome affects treatment responses (e.g., immune priming, reactive oxygen species).

Main Results:

• Microbiome modulation impacts chemotherapy, radiation, and immunotherapy efficacy.
• Microbial efflux can activate anti-tumor T cells.
• Microbiome-driven reactive oxygen species enhance platinum salt efficacy.
• Commensals colonizing tumors ('tumor microbiome') influence local responses and therapeutic targeting.

Conclusions:

• The microbiome is a critical factor in cancer treatment outcomes.
• Targeting the tumor microbiome presents a promising avenue for improving cancer therapy.