Acute HIV Infection: Advances in Mechanisms and Prophylactic Therapeutic Management

Human infection by HIV is spreading rapidly. The spread of the virus is generally organized and transmission can be rectal, oral, or penile. Several types of cells are susceptible to viral invasion. The appearance of symptoms during infection can vary, but the presence of the virus can be confirmed by testing for the antigen p24. The ELISA test is used to detect viral p24 antigen and antiviral antibodies. This technique is approved for the purposes of clinical practice. Highly active antiretroviral therapy is usually a costly and lengthy treatment for HIV infection. A rapid point of care test has also been developed to detect acute infection. There is a need for preventing HIV infection and improving antiretroviral therapy. The treatment regime currently constitutes drugs that have the capability to concentrate in the genital tract of both males and females, as well as the use of integrase inhibitors that rapidly reduce viral load.