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Muscles of the Shoulder

Muscles of the Shoulder

The muscles surrounding the shoulder girdle, including the clavicle and scapula, primarily stabilize the scapula. This stable base allows other muscles to move the humerus effectively. Scapular movements often mirror those of the humerus and extend its range of motion. For instance, raising the arm above the head would not be feasible without simultaneous upward rotation of the scapula.
Anterior Thoracic Muscles
The anterior thoracic muscles include the serratus anterior, subclavius, and...

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Measuring 3D In-vivo Shoulder Kinematics using Biplanar Videoradiography

Measuring 3D In-vivo Shoulder Kinematics using Biplanar Videoradiography

Published on: March 12, 2021

Milwaukee Shoulder Syndrome.

Hale Ersoy¹, Stephen J Pomeranz

¹ProScan Imaging Education Foundation, Cincinnati, Ohio. hersoy@proscan.com.

Journal of Surgical Orthopaedic Advances

|May 2, 2017

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Milwaukee shoulder syndrome (MSS) is a rare destructive joint disease caused by calcium hydroxyapatite crystal deposition. It involves rotator cuff tears, arthritis, and rapid bone and cartilage destruction.

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Area of Science:

Orthopedics
Rheumatology
Crystal Arthropathies

Background:

Milwaukee shoulder syndrome (MSS) is a rare condition characterized by rapid joint destruction.
It is linked to calcium hydroxyapatite crystal deposition in the shoulder joint.
MSS presents as a complex combination of pathologies affecting the shoulder.

Purpose of the Study:

To discuss the pathophysiology of Milwaukee shoulder syndrome.
To outline the clinical presentation and differential diagnoses for MSS.
To describe the characteristic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings in MSS.

Main Methods:

Review of existing literature on Milwaukee shoulder syndrome.
Analysis of clinical case studies.
Correlation of imaging findings with pathological features.

Main Results:

MSS involves rotator cuff tears, osteoarthritis, and crystal-laden effusions.
Pathology includes synovial hyperplasia and destruction of cartilage and subchondral bone.
Multiple osteochondral loose bodies are a common feature.

Conclusions:

MSS is a distinct, rapidly destructive arthropathy requiring accurate diagnosis.
Understanding the MRI findings is crucial for identifying MSS.
Further research into the pathogenesis and treatment of MSS is warranted.