Adjusting for unmeasured confounding in nonrandomized longitudinal studies: a methodological review

Adam J Streeter1, Nan Xuan Lin2, Louise Crathorne3

  • 1Health Statistics Group, Institute of Health Research, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, St. Luke's Campus, Exeter EX1 2LU, United Kingdom; Medical Statistics, Institute of Translational and Stratified Medicine, Plymouth University Peninsula School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Plymouth, Plymouth Science Park, Derriford, Plymouth PL6 8BX, United Kingdom.

Summary

Researchers reviewed methods for unmeasured confounding in longitudinal data using electronic health records. Established techniques like instrumental variable analysis (IVA) and difference-in-differences (DiD) are common, but new methods show promise.

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