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Al2O3-Ti functionally graded material prepared by spark plasma sintering for orthopaedic applications.

Marjan Bahraminasab1, S Ghaffari2, Hossein Eslami-Shahed2

  • 1Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.

Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials
|May 3, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Hybrid biomaterials like alumina-titanium functionally graded materials (FGMs) offer improved orthopaedic prostheses. Increasing titanium content in these FGMs reduced hardness and bending strength.

Keywords:
Layered material structureMechanical propertiesOrthopaedic implantsSintering behaviourSpark plasma sintering

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Biomaterials Engineering
  • Orthopaedic Research

Background:

  • Orthopaedic prostheses have limited lifespans due to biomaterial vulnerability.
  • Single-constituent materials are prone to failure, necessitating advanced solutions.
  • Hybrid materials like composites and FGMs are explored to enhance biomaterial performance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the structural, physical, and mechanical properties of alumina-titanium functionally graded materials (FGMs).
  • To fabricate and characterize alumina-titanium composites and FGMs using spark plasma sintering (SPS).
  • To evaluate the impact of titanium content on FGM properties and fracture mechanisms.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of alumina-titanium composites and FGMs via spark plasma sintering (SPS).
  • Microstructural analysis using X-ray diffraction (XRD) to identify phases.
  • Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for phase and layer adhesion assessment.
  • Mechanical testing including hardness and bending strength measurements.

Main Results:

  • X-ray diffraction confirmed the presence of Ti3Al and TiAl phases, increasing with titanium content.
  • Scanning electron micrographs showed good adhesion between alumina and titanium phases and FGM layers.
  • Hardness and bending strength decreased monotonically with increasing titanium volume fraction.

Conclusions:

  • Alumina-titanium FGMs fabricated by SPS exhibit promising structural and bonding characteristics.
  • The trade-off between titanium content and mechanical properties (hardness, bending strength) was clearly demonstrated.
  • Further research into optimizing FGM composition is needed for improved orthopaedic implant longevity.