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Population Attributable Fraction for Cardiovascular Diseases Risk Factors in Selected Countries: A comparative study
Narges Pirani1, Farzad Faraji Khiavi2
1School of Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
Insights
High blood pressure is the leading risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, with significant population attributable fractions observed in Iran, USA, and Spain. Public health interventions targeting blood pressure can effectively prevent cardiovascular disease.
Area of Science:
- Public Health
- Epidemiology
- Cardiology
Background:
- Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a leading cause of mortality globally.
- Prevalence of CVDs is high and projected to increase.
- CVDs are largely preventable by addressing key risk factors for non-communicable diseases.
Purpose of the Study:
- To compare the population attributable fraction (PAF) for CVD risk factors across Iran, USA, and Spain.
- To identify the most significant modifiable risk factors contributing to CVD burden in these countries.
Main Methods:
- A comparative study design was employed.
- Data were gathered from reliable electronic and print sources published between 2007 and 2015.
- Analysis focused on calculating PAF for key CVD risk factors.
Main Results:
- Population Attributable Fraction (PAF) for high blood pressure was 11.37% (Iran), 54% (USA), and 60% (Spain).
- PAF for diabetes was 7.32% (Iran), 13% (USA), and 18% (Spain).
- PAF for high cholesterol was 6.85% (Iran), 13% (USA), and 20% (Spain). High blood pressure emerged as the most impactful risk factor.
Conclusions:
- High blood pressure significantly contributes to the population attributable fraction of cardiovascular diseases.
- Comprehensive health policies, lifestyle education, early screening, and health promotion programs are crucial for CVD prevention.
Background:
Cardiovascular diseases are the most common cause of death. The prevalence of cardiovascular diseases was reported to be 3,500 per 100,000. And it is predicted that these numbers will increase in the near future. By removing the main factors responsible for non-communicable diseases, cardiovascular disease can be prevented by 80%.
Aim:
The aim of this study was to compare the population attributable fraction for cardiovascular diseases' risk factors in Iran, USA and Spain.
Methods:
This study was a comparative study and the population consisted of Iran, USA and Spain. The required information was collected from printed and electronic documentations and articles published in reliable databases, in the period 2007-2015.
Results:
The cardiovascular diseases' Population Attributable Risk or Fraction for blood pressure was calculated to be 11.37%, 54% and 60%, diabetes 7.32%, 13% and 18%, and high cholesterol 6.85%, 13% and 20%, for Iran, USA and Spain respectively. Among risk factors, blood pressure was the most relevant factor to cardiovascular disease.
Conclusions:
The risk factor for high blood pressure had a more population attributable fraction than other physiological factors in the development of cardiovascular disease. Hence, by implementing comprehensive health policies, educating healthy lifestyle, screening and finding related cases as well as conducting health promotion programs, these diseases can be prevented.
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