Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Cycloaddition Reactions: Overview01:16

Cycloaddition Reactions: Overview

3.7K
Cycloadditions are one of the most valuable and effective synthesis routes to form cyclic compounds. These are concerted pericyclic reactions between two unsaturated compounds resulting in a cyclic product with two new σ bonds formed at the expense of π bonds. The [4 + 2] cycloaddition, known as the Diels–Alder reaction, is the most common. The other example is a [2 + 2] cycloaddition.
3.7K
Thermal and Photochemical Electrocyclic Reactions: Overview01:26

Thermal and Photochemical Electrocyclic Reactions: Overview

3.1K
Electrocyclic reactions are reversible reactions. They involve an intramolecular cyclization or ring-opening of a conjugated polyene. Shown below are two examples of electrocyclic reactions. In the first reaction, the formation of the cyclic product is favored. In contrast, in the second reaction, ring-opening is favored due to the high ring strain associated with cyclobutene formation.
3.1K
Aromatic Hydrocarbon Cations: Structural Overview01:18

Aromatic Hydrocarbon Cations: Structural Overview

4.1K
Cycloheptatriene is a neutral monocyclic unsaturated hydrocarbon that consists of an odd number of carbon atoms and an intervening sp3 carbon in the ring. The three double bonds in the ring correspond to 6 π electrons, which is a Huckel number, and therefore satisfies the criteria of 4n + 2 π electrons. However, the intervening sp3 carbon disrupts the continuous overlap of p orbitals. As a result, cycloheptatriene is not aromatic.
Removing one hydrogen from the intervening CH2 group...
4.1K
Woodward–Hoffmann Selection Rules and Microscopic Reversibility01:34

Woodward–Hoffmann Selection Rules and Microscopic Reversibility

4.1K
Electrocyclic reactions, cycloadditions, and sigmatropic rearrangements are concerted pericyclic reactions that proceed via a cyclic transition state. These reactions are stereospecific and regioselective. The stereochemistry of the products depends on the symmetry characteristics of the interacting orbitals and the reaction conditions. Accordingly, pericyclic reactions are classified as either symmetry-allowed or symmetry-forbidden. Woodward and Hoffmann presented the selection criteria for...
4.1K
Pericyclic Reactions: Introduction01:17

Pericyclic Reactions: Introduction

10.7K
Pericyclic reactions are organic reactions that occur via a concerted mechanism without generating any intermediates. The reactions proceed through the movement of electrons in a closed loop to form a cyclic transition state, where rearrangement of the σ and π bonds yields specific products.
Pericyclic reactions can be classified into three categories: electrocyclic reactions, cycloaddition reactions, and sigmatropic rearrangements. Electrocyclic reactions and sigmatropic...
10.7K
Cycloaddition Reactions: MO Requirements for Thermal Activation01:16

Cycloaddition Reactions: MO Requirements for Thermal Activation

4.9K
Thermal cycloadditions are reactions where the source of activation energy needed to initiate the reaction is provided in the form of heat. A typical example of a thermally-allowed cycloaddition is the Diels–Alder reaction, which is a [4 + 2] cycloaddition. In contrast, a [2 + 2] cycloaddition is thermally forbidden.
4.9K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and rotator cuff disease: a scoping review.

BMC musculoskeletal disorders·2026
Same author

Probing the Redox Chemistry of Bimetallic Rare Earth-Catecholate Complexes.

Inorganic chemistry·2026
Same author

Superficial vein thrombosis of the upper extremity after pectoralis major repair: An uncommon complication.

Trauma case reports·2026
Same author

Proteomic trajectories in human rotator cuff degeneration: a systematic review of immunohistochemical studies.

Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research·2026
Same author

Realization of a Heteroatom-Transfer-Ligand (HTL) Platform: Oxy Insertion at a Titanium-Alkyl Bond Facilitated by a Hydroxylaminato Ligand Framework.

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)·2025
Same author

Comparison of Ce(iv)/Th(iv)-alkynyl complexes and observation of a <i>trans</i>-influence ligand series for Ce(iv).

Chemical science·2025
Same journal

Asymmetric Michael Addition Mediated by Chiral Ionic Liquids.

Mini-reviews in organic chemistry·2018
Same journal

Review: <i>S</i>econdary Metabolites of <i>Aquilaria</i>, a Thymelaeaceae Genus.

Mini-reviews in organic chemistry·2018
Same journal

Polyphenols of <i>Carménère</i> Grapes.

Mini-reviews in organic chemistry·2017
Same journal

M13 Bacteriophage-Based Self-Assembly Structures and Their Functional Capabilities.

Mini-reviews in organic chemistry·2015
Same journal

Morphine as a Potential Oxidative Stress-Causing Agent.

Mini-reviews in organic chemistry·2013
Same journal

Structural Characterization, Biological Effects, and Synthetic Studies on Xanthones from Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana), a Popular Botanical Dietary Supplement.

Mini-reviews in organic chemistry·2011
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 2, 2026

Preparation of Stable Bicyclic Aziridinium Ions and Their Ring-Opening for the Synthesis of Azaheterocycles
11:45

Preparation of Stable Bicyclic Aziridinium Ions and Their Ring-Opening for the Synthesis of Azaheterocycles

Published on: August 22, 2018

8.8K

Triazaspirocycles: Occurrence, Synthesis, and Applications.

Claire M Gober1, Patrick J Carroll1, Madeleine M Joullié1

  • 1Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America.

Mini-Reviews in Organic Chemistry
|May 13, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Triazaspirocycles, natural products with a unique spirocyclic scaffold, show diverse biological activities. This review covers their occurrence, synthesis, reactivity, and applications in drug discovery and materials science.

Keywords:
1,3 Dipolar cycloadditionN-heterocyclic carbenecycloreversionnitrogen heterocyclesspirocyclestriaza

More Related Videos

Efficient Construction of Drug-like Bispirocyclic Scaffolds Via Organocatalytic Cycloadditions of &#945;-Imino &#947;-Lactones and Alkylidene Pyrazolones
10:17

Efficient Construction of Drug-like Bispirocyclic Scaffolds Via Organocatalytic Cycloadditions of α-Imino γ-Lactones and Alkylidene Pyrazolones

Published on: February 7, 2019

7.4K
Solid-phase Synthesis of [4.4] Spirocyclic Oximes
05:15

Solid-phase Synthesis of [4.4] Spirocyclic Oximes

Published on: February 6, 2019

7.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 2, 2026

Preparation of Stable Bicyclic Aziridinium Ions and Their Ring-Opening for the Synthesis of Azaheterocycles
11:45

Preparation of Stable Bicyclic Aziridinium Ions and Their Ring-Opening for the Synthesis of Azaheterocycles

Published on: August 22, 2018

8.8K
Efficient Construction of Drug-like Bispirocyclic Scaffolds Via Organocatalytic Cycloadditions of &#945;-Imino &#947;-Lactones and Alkylidene Pyrazolones
10:17

Efficient Construction of Drug-like Bispirocyclic Scaffolds Via Organocatalytic Cycloadditions of α-Imino γ-Lactones and Alkylidene Pyrazolones

Published on: February 7, 2019

7.4K
Solid-phase Synthesis of [4.4] Spirocyclic Oximes
05:15

Solid-phase Synthesis of [4.4] Spirocyclic Oximes

Published on: February 6, 2019

7.4K

Area of Science:

  • Organic Chemistry
  • Medicinal Chemistry
  • Natural Products Chemistry

Background:

  • Triazaspirocycles are a class of natural products characterized by a spirocyclic scaffold containing three nitrogen atoms.
  • These compounds have garnered increasing interest due to their broad biological activities.
  • They hold potential for applications in drug discovery and materials science.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive review of triazaspirocycles found in nature.
  • To discuss the biological activities and potential applications of these compounds.
  • To summarize synthetic methodologies and reactivity patterns of triazaspirocyclic scaffolds.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of natural products containing the triazaspirocyclic motif.
  • Analysis of reported biological activities and applications.
  • Compilation and discussion of synthetic routes and chemical reactivity.

Main Results:

  • Natural products with triazaspirocyclic structures exhibit a wide spectrum of biological effects.
  • These compounds are valuable scaffolds for developing new drugs and advanced materials.
  • Various synthetic strategies have been developed for accessing triazaspirocyclic systems.

Conclusions:

  • Triazaspirocycles represent a significant class of natural products with diverse biological relevance.
  • Their unique structure makes them attractive targets for medicinal chemistry and materials science.
  • Further exploration of their synthesis and reactivity will likely yield novel applications.