Headspace single-drop microextraction coupled with microvolume fluorospectrometry for highly sensitive determination...

Area of Science:

• Analytical Chemistry
• Environmental Science

Background:

• Bromide determination is crucial for water quality assessment.
• Existing methods can be complex or require sample dilution.

Purpose of the Study:

• To develop a novel, sensitive, and efficient method for bromide determination.
• To enable direct measurement without sample dilution.

Main Methods:

• Combining headspace single-drop microextraction with microvolume fluorospectrometry.
• In situ generation of bromine and trapping onto a fluorescein-containing drop.
• Optimization of experimental parameters including fluorescence, extractant, and microextraction conditions.

Main Results:

• Achieved an enrichment factor of 243.
• Obtained limits of detection (1.4 µgL⁻¹) and quantification (4.4 µgL⁻¹).
• Demonstrated high repeatability (4.4% RSD) and reproducibility (7.1% RSD).
• Validated in real water samples with 95-110% recovery.

Conclusions:

• The developed method is highly convenient for monitoring very low bromide concentrations.
• Successfully applied to diverse water samples and validated against certified reference material.
• Offers a sensitive and reliable approach for environmental bromide analysis.