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Updated: Mar 2, 2026
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Measuring 3D In-vivo Shoulder Kinematics using Biplanar Videoradiography
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College Pitchers Demonstrate Directional Differences in Shoulder Joint Position Sense Compared With Controls
Journal of Sport Rehabilitation
|May 18, 2017
Summary
Overhead athletes show no difference in shoulder proprioception accuracy but exhibit altered repositioning patterns. The throwing shoulder overshoots targets, while nonthrowing shoulders undershoot, highlighting a unique adaptation in overhead throwers.
Area of Science:
- Biomechanics
- Sports Medicine
- Human Movement Science
Background:
- Proprioception in overhead athletes is not well understood.
- Understanding the relationship between overhead throwing and proprioception is crucial for injury prevention in athletes.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate proprioceptive alterations in the shoulder of overhead throwers.
- To compare shoulder proprioception between baseball pitchers and non-throwing individuals.
Main Methods:
- A cross-sectional study design was employed.
- Shoulder proprioception was assessed using an active joint repositioning task.
- Participants included Division I baseball pitchers and healthy non-throwing controls.
Main Results:
- Both groups showed improved joint position sense accuracy at 80° external rotation compared to 60°.
- No significant differences in accuracy were found between throwers and controls.
- Throwing shoulders demonstrated an overshooting pattern, while nonthrowing shoulders undershot target angles.
Conclusions:
- Shoulder joint position sense accuracy does not differ between throwers and nonthrowers.
- Both groups exhibit enhanced accuracy near end-range external rotation.
- The throwing shoulder exhibits a distinct repositioning pattern, overshooting targets, unlike nonthrowing shoulders.
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