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Related Concept Videos

Structural Joints: Fibrous Joints01:03

Structural Joints: Fibrous Joints

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Fibrous joints are a type of joint where the bones are connected by fibrous connective tissue. These joints provide stability and minimal to no movement between the articulating bones. There are three types of fibrous joints.
Suture
All the bones of the skull, except for the mandible, are joined to each other by a fibrous joint called a suture. The fibrous connective tissue found at a suture strongly unites the adjacent skull bones and thus helps to protect the brain and form the face. In...
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Structural Joints: Synovial Joints01:16

Structural Joints: Synovial Joints

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Synovial joints are the most common type of joint in the body. A key structural characteristic for a synovial joint is the presence of a joint cavity. This fluid-filled space is where the articulating surfaces of the bones contact each other. Also, unlike fibrous or cartilaginous joints, the articulating bone surfaces at a synovial joint are not directly connected to each other with fibrous connective tissue or cartilage. This gives the bones of a synovial joint the ability to move smoothly...
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Structural Joints: Cartilaginous Joints01:17

Structural Joints: Cartilaginous Joints

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As the name indicates, at a cartilaginous joint, the adjacent bones are united by cartilage, a tough but flexible type of connective tissue. Unlike synovial joints, these types of joints lack a joint cavity and involve bones joined together by either hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage.
There are two types of cartilaginous joints:
Synchondrosis
A synchondrosis ("joined by cartilage") is a cartilaginous joint where bones are connected by hyaline cartilage. Synchondrosis may be temporary...
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Structural Classification of Joints01:20

Structural Classification of Joints

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Joints, also known as articulations, are classified based on their structural characteristics, i.e., based on whether the articulating surfaces of the adjacent bones are directly connected by fibrous connective tissue or cartilage, or whether the articulating surfaces contact each other within a fluid-filled joint cavity. These differences serve to divide the joints of the body into three structural classifications.
A fibrous joint is where the adjacent bones are united by fibrous connective...
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Loose Connective Tissue01:26

Loose Connective Tissue

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Loose connective tissue is found between many organs. Its main function is to absorb shock and bind tissues together. It also allows water, salts, and various nutrients to diffuse into cells that are embedded in it or present in adjacent tissues.
Adipose Tissue
Adipose tissue consists primarily of fat storage cells called adipocytes and little extracellular matrix. A large number of capillaries present within adipose tissue allow rapid mobilization of lipid molecules. White adipose tissue is...
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Functional Classification of Joints01:09

Functional Classification of Joints

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Functional Classification of Joints
The functional classification of joints is determined by the amount of mobility between the adjacent bones. Joints are functionally classified as a synarthrosis or immobile joint, an amphiarthrosis or slightly moveable joint, or as a diarthrosis, a freely moveable joint. Fibrous and cartilaginous joints can be functionally classified as either synarthroses  or amphiarthroses, whereas all synovial joints are classified as diarthroses.
Synarthrosis
An...
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A Morphometric and Cellular Analysis Method for the Murine Mandibular Condyle
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Structure-Function Relationships of Temporomandibular Retrodiscal Tissue.

M C Coombs1,2, J M Petersen2, G J Wright1

  • 11 Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA.

Journal of Dental Research
|May 23, 2017
PubMed
Summary

The temporomandibular retrodiscal tissue (RDT) shows varying stiffness based on region and strain, suggesting it may not prevent disc displacement. Further study is needed to understand its role in temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders.

Keywords:
collagen and elastin networksecond-harmonic generation microscopystress relaxationtemporomandibular jointtensile biomechanicstissue ultrastructure

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Area of Science:

  • Biomechanics
  • Tissue Engineering
  • Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ) Research

Background:

  • Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) symptoms affect 2-4% of the US population, often linked to anterior disc displacement.
  • The temporomandibular retrodiscal tissue (RDT) is believed to limit pathologic disc displacement.
  • Regional variations in RDT biomechanics and ultrastructure are not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine direction- and region-dependent tensile biomechanical properties of porcine RDT.
  • To analyze the regional fibrillar arrangement (collagen and elastin) of porcine RDT.
  • To correlate RDT biomechanics with its ultrastructure.

Main Methods:

  • Incremental stress relaxation experiments on 20 porcine RDT specimens.
  • Tensile testing across different regions (temporal, condylar) and directions (anteroposterior, mediolateral).
  • Second-harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy to image collagen and elastin distribution.

Main Results:

  • Young's modulus varied significantly by region and strain, increasing with higher strain levels.
  • Young's modulus trended higher in the temporal region and mediolateral direction.
  • Collagen organization decreased posteriorly, while elastin was present at the disc boundary and mid-body.

Conclusions:

  • Porcine RDT exhibits region- and strain-dependent biomechanical properties linked to collagen and elastin variations.
  • The RDT's low tensile moduli suggest limited resistance to pathologic disc displacement.
  • Understanding regional RDT variations is crucial for TMJ disorder treatment strategies.