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Accessory Structures of the Skin: Sebaceous Glands01:21

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A sebaceous gland is a type of oil gland found almost all over the skin ( except palms and soles) and helps lubricate and waterproof the skin and hair. Most sebaceous glands are associated with hair follicles. They generate and excrete sebum, a mixture of lipids, onto the skin surface, thereby naturally lubricating the dry and dead layer of keratinized cells of the stratum corneum, keeping it pliable.
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Several body functions deteriorate with age. The external signs of aging are easily identifiable. For example, the skin becomes dry, less elastic, and thins out, forming wrinkles. The skin of the face begins to appear looser due to a decrease in the levels of elastic and collagen fibers in the connective tissue. Additionally, melanin production in the hair follicle decreases with age, resulting in gray hair. Moreover, the senses of sight and hearing decline, so glasses and hearing aids may...
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As individuals age, their body's physiology evolves, affecting drug pharmacokinetics. The most apparent changes occur in the gastrointestinal tract, where an increase in gastric pH, a delay in gastric emptying, and a reduction in gastrointestinal motility are observed. Remarkably, these changes do not substantially modify the absorption of orally administered drugs, particularly those absorbed via passive diffusion.Transdermal drug delivery emerges as a highly viable method for older adults due...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 1, 2026

Author Spotlight: Development and Evaluation of a Compound Acne Rodent Model Using C. acnes and Oleic Acid
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The age-old problem of acne.

N F Mahmood1,2, A R Shipman1

  • 1Department of Dermatology, Warwick Hospital, Lakin Road, Warwick, United Kingdom.

International Journal of Women'S Dermatology
|June 1, 2017
PubMed
Summary

This article reviews the historical context of acne vulgaris, a common skin condition, and its treatments. It highlights the significant impact of retinoid discovery, particularly for women's health.

Keywords:
AcneHistoryPregnancyRetinoidTreatment

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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Medical History

Background:

  • Acne vulgaris is a prevalent dermatological condition globally.
  • Historical records show acne diagnosis and treatment practices dating back to ancient civilizations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the historical evolution of acne vulgaris understanding and management.
  • To examine past etiological theories and therapeutic interventions for acne.
  • To specifically focus on the discovery of retinoids and their influence on women's health.

Main Methods:

  • Historical literature review.
  • Analysis of ancient and modern medical texts on dermatology.
  • Examination of scientific publications on retinoid development.

Main Results:

  • Acne has been a persistent health concern throughout history.
  • Evolving theories on acne etiology range from humorism to modern understanding.
  • Retinoids represent a significant advancement in acne treatment, especially impacting women's health outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding acne's historical trajectory provides context for current dermatological practice.
  • The discovery of retinoids revolutionized acne vulgaris treatment, offering new therapeutic avenues.
  • Further research into historical treatments can inform contemporary approaches to skin health.