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Technical Note: Detective quantum efficiency simulation of a-Se imaging detectors using ARTEMIS.

Yuan Fang1,2,3, Takaaki Ito2, Fumito Nariyuki2

  • 1Division of Imaging Diagnostics and Software Reliability, Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Ave, Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA.

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|June 2, 2017
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Summary

This study validates ARTEMIS, a Monte Carlo tool, for simulating amorphous selenium (a-Se) x-ray detectors. The simulation accurately predicts detective quantum efficiency (DQE), crucial for medical imaging advancements.

Keywords:
ARTEMISMonte Carloamorphous seleniumdetective quantum efficiency

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Physics
  • Semiconductor Device Physics
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Amorphous selenium (a-Se) detectors are vital for digital radiography and medical imaging.
  • Accurate modeling of detector performance, specifically detective quantum efficiency (DQE), is essential for optimizing diagnostic quality.
  • Monte Carlo simulations offer a powerful approach to understanding complex physical processes within semiconductor detectors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the detective quantum efficiency (DQE) of amorphous selenium (a-Se)-based solid-state x-ray detectors for medical imaging.
  • To utilize ARTEMIS, a Monte Carlo simulation tool, for modeling x-ray photon, electron, and charged carrier transport in a-Se detectors under an applied electric field.
  • To validate the simulation results against experimental measurements of DQE performance.

Main Methods:

  • Employing the ARTEMIS Monte Carlo simulation tool to model signal formation in a-Se, including x-ray interactions and charge carrier transport (drift, diffusion, recombination, trapping).
  • Simulating electron-hole pair transport under applied detector bias, considering Coulomb interactions and recombination.
  • Experimentally measuring the DQE of prototype a-Se detectors (240 μm and 1 mm thick) according to IEC Standard 62220-1-3 for validation.

Main Results:

  • ARTEMIS simulations showed reasonable agreement with experimental DQE measurements for RQA beam qualities.
  • Experimental validation confirmed a percentage difference within 5% between simulated and experimental DQE for spatial frequencies above 0.25 cycles/mm.
  • The study considered uniform applied electric fields and RQA beam qualities (RQA5, RQA7, RQA9) for detectors of 240 μm and 1 mm thickness.

Conclusions:

  • ARTEMIS is a reliable tool for modeling the DQE of a-Se detectors, accurately predicting performance based on x-ray energy, detector thickness, and spatial frequency.
  • The simulation model enhances the understanding of x-ray interactions within a-Se.
  • ARTEMIS facilitates optimization studies for developing advanced medical imaging applications utilizing a-Se detectors.