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X-ray Crystallography02:18

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The size of the unit cell and the arrangement of atoms in a crystal may be determined from measurements of the diffraction of X-rays by the crystal, termed X-ray crystallography.
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X-ray diffraction or XRD is an analytical tool that utilizes X-rays to study ordered structures such as crystalline organic and inorganic samples, polycrystalline materials, proteins, carbohydrates, and drugs.
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In the late 1800s, the revelation that light extended beyond visible wavelengths led to the discovery of X-rays by Wilhelm Roentgen. Recognized as high-energy electromagnetic radiation with short wavelengths, X-rays prompted exploration into their interaction with crystals. Max von Laue proposed in 1912 that the periodic arrangement of atoms, ions, or molecules in crystals would cause them to diffract X-rays, a hypothesis confirmed through experiments with copper sulfate and zinc sulfide...
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Lipidico Injection Protocol for Serial Crystallography Measurements at the Australian Synchrotron
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Serial Synchrotron X-Ray Crystallography (SSX).

Kay Diederichs1, Meitian Wang2

  • 1Department of Biology, Universität Konstanz, Box 647, D-78457, Konstanz, Germany. kay.diederichs@uni-konstanz.de.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|June 3, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

New synchrotron techniques enable macromolecular crystallography using microcrystals. These methods complement traditional approaches, allowing for complete data sets from small samples, advancing structural biology research.

Keywords:
Cryogenic temperatureData collectionData qualityIn meso in situLipidic cubic phase (LCP)MergingMicrocrystalRoom temperature (RT)Serial synchrotron crystallography (SSX)XDSXSCALE

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Area of Science:

  • Structural Biology
  • Crystallography
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Traditional macromolecular crystallography often requires large crystals, limiting studies on certain specimens.
  • Recent advances in X-ray free electron lasers (XFELs) have spurred new approaches in data collection.
  • Microcrystals, individually insufficient for complete data sets, present a challenge in structural determination.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present novel techniques for macromolecular crystallography using microcrystals.
  • To describe methods for complementing conventional data collection with synchrotron measurements.
  • To detail the implementation of these techniques at third-generation synchrotron facilities.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing synchrotron radiation for data collection on microcrystals.
  • Developing new strategies for measuring, processing, and merging numerous partial data sets.
  • Focusing on in situ measurements combined with in meso crystal preparations.
  • Employing the XDS package and auxiliary programs for data analysis.

Main Results:

  • Demonstration of successful data collection from microcrystals previously unsuitable for analysis.
  • Implementation of new techniques at multiple synchrotron facilities.
  • Validation of in situ measurements and in meso preparations for enhanced data acquisition.
  • Successful data processing and merging of partial data sets.

Conclusions:

  • Synchrotron measurements on microcrystals offer a viable complement to traditional macromolecular crystallography.
  • New techniques facilitate the acquisition of complete data sets from small crystalline samples.
  • In situ measurements and advanced data processing strategies enhance structural biology research capabilities.