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Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Multiple Sclerosis at 7.0 Tesla
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Simultaneous spin-echo and gradient-echo BOLD measurements by dynamic MRS.

Peng Cao1,2,3, Fahmeed Hyder4, Iris Y Zhou1,2

  • 1Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging and Signal Processing, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, SAR, China.

NMR in Biomedicine
|June 3, 2017
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study used diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) to differentiate blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) signal sources. Results show BOLD signals primarily originate from outside blood vessels at 7 Tesla.

Keywords:
BOLDfunctional MRSgradient echoinferior colliculusspin echo

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimaging
  • Biophysics
  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Background:

  • Blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) signals are crucial for functional neuroimaging.
  • Distinguishing intravascular and extravascular contributions to BOLD signals is essential for accurate interpretation.
  • Previous methods have limitations in resolving these signal components at high magnetic fields like 7 Tesla.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To dissociate intravascular and extravascular contributions to spin-echo (SE) and gradient-echo (GE) BOLD signals at 7 Tesla.
  • To evaluate the utility of dynamic diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) for this purpose.
  • To investigate the impact of diffusion weighting on BOLD signal measurements.

Main Methods:

  • Simultaneous acquisition of SE and GE data using a point-resolved spectroscopy sequence.
  • Application of diffusion weightings (0, 600, and 1200 s/mm²) during simultaneous SE/GE acquisition.
  • Quantification of BOLD signals by fitting free induction decays to a mono-exponential decay function.

Main Results:

  • Simultaneous SE and GE BOLD measurements with and without diffusion weighting were feasible.
  • Diffusion weighting reduced the SE BOLD signal increase during stimulation but did not affect the GE BOLD signal.
  • Post-stimulation undershoots in BOLD signal time courses were preserved in both SE and GE measurements.

Conclusions:

  • The study successfully demonstrated the feasibility of simultaneous SE and GE BOLD measurements with interleaved diffusion weighting at 7 Tesla.
  • Results indicate a predominant extravascular contribution to BOLD signal time courses, including post-stimulation undershoots, at 7 Tesla.
  • This technique offers a promising approach for better understanding BOLD signal origins in high-field neuroimaging.