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Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
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Interindividual epigenetic variability: Sound or noise?

J Ramón Tejedor1,2, Mario F Fraga3

  • 1Institute of Oncology of Asturias (IUOPA), HUCA, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.

Bioessays : News and Reviews in Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology
|June 8, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Interindividual variability in immune cells is characterized using novel analysis. Neutrophils show higher transcriptional and epigenetic variability than monocytes and T cells, offering insights into immune responses.

Keywords:
DNA methylationepigeneticsvariability

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Epigenetics
  • Systems Biology

Background:

  • Interindividual variability is a fundamental aspect of biological systems.
  • The molecular origins of this variability are not fully understood.
  • Recent studies aim to characterize variability in complex biological contexts.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize transcriptional and epigenetic variability in immune cells.
  • To investigate the sources and implications of interindividual variability.
  • To review current literature and future directions in epigenetic variability research.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from the BLUEPRINT Epigenome Project.
  • Employed a novel analytical approach to measure variability.
  • Compared variability across different immune cell types (neutrophils, monocytes, T cells).

Main Results:

  • Quantified the degree of transcriptional and epigenetic variability.
  • Observed significantly higher variability in neutrophils compared to monocytes and T cells.
  • This variability may be linked to the role of neutrophils in initial immune responses.

Conclusions:

  • Novel analytical methods can characterize interindividual variability in complex biological systems.
  • Neutrophil epigenetic and transcriptional variability is higher than in other immune cells.
  • Further research is needed to understand epigenetic drift and the epigenetic clock as sources of variability.