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Stem cell research aims to find ways to use stem cells to regenerate and repair cellular damage. Over time, most adult cells undergo the wear and tear of aging and lose their ability to divide and repair themselves. Stem cells do not display a particular morphology or function. Adult stem cells, which exist as a small subset of cells in most tissues, keep dividing and can differentiate into a number of specialized cells generally formed by that tissue. These cells enable the body to renew and...
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Stem cell therapy is a method used in regenerative medicine to repair and restore function to damaged tissues and organs. Stem cells have the potential to proliferate and differentiate into various tissue types, making them ideal candidates for tissue regeneration. For example, hematopoietic stem cell transplants are commonly used in blood cancer treatment to replenish damaged bone marrow and restore healthy blood cells.
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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells with extensive self-renewal properties that help them maintain their population during the fetal and adult stages of life. They can specialize in all cell types of the human body. However, their differential potential may vary and can be classified into five types. Stem cells can be (1) Totipotent, (2) Pluripotent, (3) Multipotent, (4) Oligopotent, and (5) Unipotent. Each stem cell has a specific origin; the fertilized egg or zygote is a totipotent cell and...
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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce more stem cells or progenitor cells that differentiate into mature, specialized cell types. All the cells in the body are generated from stem cells in the early embryo, but small populations of stem cells are also present in many adult tissues including the bone marrow, brain, skin, and gut. These adult stem cells typically produce the various cell types found in that tissue—to replace cells that are damaged or to continuously...
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Barrett's Stem Cells as a Unique and Targetable Entity.

Wa Xian1, Frank McKeon2

  • 1Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas and the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas.

Cellular and Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology
|June 9, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Metaplasias, like Barrett

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology and Oncology
  • Cell Biology
  • Cancer Research

Background:

  • Metaplasias are recognized as precursors to difficult human cancers.
  • The origins of metaplasias, particularly Barrett's esophagus, remain debated.
  • Barrett's esophagus is strongly linked to esophageal adenocarcinoma.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the origins of Barrett's esophagus.
  • To evaluate existing hypotheses on Barrett's esophagus development.
  • To support a favored hypothesis regarding Barrett's esophagus etiology.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature and hypotheses on metaplasia and Barrett's esophagus.
  • Analysis of the proposed lineage of junctional cells in Barrett's esophagus development.
  • Discussion of strategies to strengthen the favored hypothesis.

Main Results:

  • Four parallel hypotheses for Barrett's esophagus origin exist, each with perceived flaws.
  • The study favors the hypothesis that Barrett's esophagus arises from a distinct junctional cell lineage.
  • Ongoing efforts aim to substantiate this favored hypothesis.

Conclusions:

  • Resolving the origin of Barrett's esophagus is crucial for developing eradication strategies.
  • Further research is needed to validate the junctional cell lineage hypothesis.
  • Understanding metaplasia origins can lead to preemptive cancer care.