Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Confirmation Biases01:31

Confirmation Biases

8.5K
The confirmation bias is the tendency to focus on information that confirms our existing beliefs and ignore information that is inconsistent with our expectations. For example, if you think that your professor is not very nice, you notice all of the instances of rude behavior exhibited by the professor while ignoring the countless pleasant interactions he is involved in on a daily basis. Have you ever fallen prey to the confirmation bias, either as the source or target of such bias?
8.5K
Cause and Effect01:53

Cause and Effect

12.6K
While variables are sometimes correlated because one does cause the other, it could also be that some other factor, a confounding variable, is actually causing the systematic movement in our variables of interest. For instance, as sales in ice cream increase, so does the overall rate of crime. Is it possible that indulging in your favorite flavor of ice cream could send you on a crime spree? Or, after committing crime do you think you might decide to treat yourself to a cone?
12.6K
First Impression01:09

First Impression

282
First impressions play a crucial role in social perception, shaping how individuals assess others in professional, academic, and interpersonal contexts. Psychological research highlights the significance of cognitive biases, such as the primacy and recency effects, which influence how people interpret and recall information.The Primacy Effect and Cognitive AnchoringThe primacy effect describes the tendency for initial information to impact judgment disproportionately. When individuals encounter...
282
Bias01:22

Bias

7.7K
Bias refers to any tendency that prevents a question from being considered unprejudiced. In research, bias occurs when one outcome or answer is selected or encouraged over others in sampling or testing. Bias can occur during any research phase, including study design, data collection, analysis, and publication.
In statistics, a sampling bias is created when a sample is collected from a population, and some members of the population are not as likely to be chosen as others (remember, each member...
7.7K
Motivational Bias01:25

Motivational Bias

432
Cognitive bias results from limitations in thinking and information processing, leading to systematic errors in judgment. Conversely, motivational bias stems from personal desires or emotions, causing distortions in perception to align with self-interest. Motivational bias influences how individuals perceive and attribute causes to events, often shaped by personal needs, goals, and self-esteem preservation. This bias can distort judgment, leading to inaccurate assessments of success, failure,...
432
Framing Effects03:26

Framing Effects

8.0K
Information is everywhere and its presentation—such as how and when items are presented—can impact our perceptions and decisions surrounding the info. This broad concept umbrellas framing effects—influences that occur due to the way information is framed in its appearance, whether it’s purely the order or the specific wording of a message. Let’s take a look at numerous ways in which two versions of something can objectively say the same thing, yet we respond in...
8.0K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

The mind's average: Unseen, internally generated ensemble representations can guide visual attention.

Attention, perception & psychophysics·2026
Same author

'Not so intuitive' physics: Orientation supersedes stability in prioritizing attention.

Psychonomic bulletin & review·2025
Same author

Rapid development of inhibitory effects in response to novel features: It's mostly target-feature enhancement.

Psychonomic bulletin & review·2025
Same author

Examining visual prior entry of semantic affective valences: positive is biased over negative.

Cognition & emotion·2025
Same author

Selectively attended information is obligatorily encoded into visual working memory.

Journal of experimental psychology. Human perception and performance·2025
Same author

The fate of visual working memory items after their job is done.

Journal of vision·2025
Same journal

How does optical blur affect audiovisual speech perception and emotion perception?

Attention, perception & psychophysics·2026
Same journal

Is there a cost in forming statistical summary representations at multiple spatial scales?

Attention, perception & psychophysics·2026
Same journal

Low prevalence targets are primarily missed due to mind wandering.

Attention, perception & psychophysics·2026
Same journal

An introduction to the special issue celebrating Mary A. Peterson.

Attention, perception & psychophysics·2026
Same journal

Properties of the threshold stimulus exposure duration (TSED) measure of visual search efficiency.

Attention, perception & psychophysics·2026
Same journal

Auditory selective attention in depth: Investigating directional dependency across front, lateral, and rear spaces.

Attention, perception & psychophysics·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 1, 2026

Measuring Attention and Visual Processing Speed by Model-based Analysis of Temporal-order Judgments
13:00

Measuring Attention and Visual Processing Speed by Model-based Analysis of Temporal-order Judgments

Published on: January 23, 2017

10.4K

The action effect: Support for the biased competition hypothesis.

Greg Huffman1, Jay Pratt2

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. greg.huffman@mail.utoronto.ca.

Attention, Perception & Psychophysics
|June 9, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Faster responses in visual search occur when a previously acted-upon item reappears. This study suggests that the action effect, which enhances stimulus prioritization, is linked to attentional weighting, not just priming.

Keywords:
Attention and memoryAttention: SelectivePerception and action

More Related Videos

How to Create and Use Binocular Rivalry
14:34

How to Create and Use Binocular Rivalry

Published on: November 10, 2010

76.9K
The Joint Effect of Social Comparison and Social Distance on Evaluation of Intertemporal Choice Outcomes in Event-related Potential Studies
08:24

The Joint Effect of Social Comparison and Social Distance on Evaluation of Intertemporal Choice Outcomes in Event-related Potential Studies

Published on: August 25, 2023

1.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 1, 2026

Measuring Attention and Visual Processing Speed by Model-based Analysis of Temporal-order Judgments
13:00

Measuring Attention and Visual Processing Speed by Model-based Analysis of Temporal-order Judgments

Published on: January 23, 2017

10.4K
How to Create and Use Binocular Rivalry
14:34

How to Create and Use Binocular Rivalry

Published on: November 10, 2010

76.9K
The Joint Effect of Social Comparison and Social Distance on Evaluation of Intertemporal Choice Outcomes in Event-related Potential Studies
08:24

The Joint Effect of Social Comparison and Social Distance on Evaluation of Intertemporal Choice Outcomes in Event-related Potential Studies

Published on: August 25, 2023

1.2K

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Visual Perception
  • Attention Research

Background:

  • The action effect demonstrates faster visual search responses to previously responded-to stimuli.
  • The underlying mechanisms of the action effect remain unclear despite its robustness.
  • Previous research suggests attentional mechanisms may be involved.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether responding to a stimulus increases its attentional weight, a potential mechanism for the action effect.
  • To differentiate the action effect from stimulus-based priming.
  • To test the biased competition hypothesis as an explanation for the action effect.

Main Methods:

  • Experiment 1: Presented search stimuli in isolation to assess the action effect without prioritization demands.
  • Experiment 2: Tested for stimulus-based priming effects in the absence of any actions.
  • Utilized visual search tasks to measure response times.

Main Results:

  • No action effect was observed when stimuli were presented in isolation (Experiment 1), indicating no inherent prioritization.
  • No evidence of stimulus-based priming was found when actions were absent (Experiment 2).
  • Findings support the role of attentional weighting in the action effect.

Conclusions:

  • The action effect appears to be driven by increased attentional weight assigned to a stimulus after a response.
  • This mechanism aligns with the biased competition hypothesis of visual attention.
  • The results rule out alternative explanations like simple event file updating.