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Imparting Icephobicity with Substrate Flexibility.

Thomas Vasileiou1, Thomas M Schutzius1, Dimos Poulikakos1

  • 1Laboratory of Thermodynamics in Emerging Technologies, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich , Sonneggstrasse 3, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Flexible superhydrophobic surfaces enhance icephobicity and repel viscous droplets by utilizing substrate oscillation to shed ice. This passive mechanism reduces ice accumulation on infrastructure.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Surface Engineering
  • Fluid Dynamics

Background:

  • Ice accumulation on infrastructure poses significant safety and performance risks.
  • Superhydrophobic surfaces offer passive ice accretion mitigation but struggle with high-viscosity droplets and freezing during contact.
  • Advanced materials are needed to reduce droplet impalement and contact time, and to repel freezing droplets.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the combined effect of substrate flexibility and micro/nanotexture on icephobicity and viscous droplet repellency.
  • To understand mechanisms for shedding partially solidified (recalescent) droplets under challenging icing conditions.
  • To explore passive ice shedding mechanisms beyond traditional recoil.

Main Methods:

  • Investigated viscosity effects (0.9–1078 mPa·s) on impalement resistance and droplet-substrate contact time using water-glycerol mixtures.
  • Examined droplet partial solidification effects on recoil and simulated icing using supercooled water droplets (down to -15 °C) on flexible and rigid surfaces with AgI promoters.
  • Employed an energy-based model (kinetic-elastic-capillary) to analyze substrate oscillation and velocity influence on droplet rebound.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated a passive mechanism for shedding partially solidified droplets, faster than natural oscillation, without relying on surface energy conversion.
  • Identified substrate oscillation and velocity as key factors in rebound, with low areal density and moderately stiff substrates efficiently absorbing and returning kinetic energy.
  • Showcased effective droplet shedding across a range of viscosities, including viscous fluids and ice slurries, which fail to rebound from rigid superhydrophobic surfaces.

Conclusions:

  • Flexible superhydrophobic surfaces with specific micro/nanotextures enhance icephobicity and viscous droplet repellency.
  • A novel passive mechanism involving substrate oscillation facilitates the shedding of recalescent droplets and viscous fluids.
  • This approach offers a promising passive solution for mitigating ice accretion on various surfaces and infrastructure.