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Related Concept Videos

Histone Variants at the Centromere02:30

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The spindle assembly checkpoint is a molecular surveillance mechanism ensuring the fidelity of chromosome segregation during anaphase. The checkpoint monitors the completion of all the prerequisite steps before chromosome segregation to determine whether the segregation process should proceed or be delayed.
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Insensitive Nuclei Enhanced by Polarization Transfer (INEPT) is an advanced Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) technique specifically designed to detect and enhance the signals of low-abundance nuclei, such as carbon-13 and nitrogen-15, in small molecules. The fundamental principle behind INEPT is the transfer of polarization from a more abundant and highly polarizable nucleus, typically hydrogen-1, to the low-abundance nucleus of interest. This process effectively boosts the NMR signal of the...
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Separation of Sister Chromatids02:17

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At the transition from prophase to metaphase, there is a reduction in cohesion along the chromosomal arms, resulting in the resolution of sister chromatids. However, residual cohesin connections remain to hold the sister chromatids together until the transition from metaphase to anaphase. The residual connection prevents any premature separation of sister chromatids, blocking the risks of aneuploidy within the daughter cells.
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EDTA: Conditional Formation Constant01:09

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Each EDTA molecule has six binding sites: four carboxyl groups and two amino groups. The fully protonated form of EDTA is represented as H6Y2+. However, it can exist in different forms, H5Y+, H4Y, H3Y−, H2Y2−, and HY3−, depending on the pH of the solution. In very basic solutions with pH > 10.17, the fully deprotonated form, Y4−, is the predominant species that readily complexes with metal ions in a 1:1 ratio.
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EDTA titrations are usually carried out in highly basic conditions, where the fully deprotonated form of EDTA, Y4−, actively complexes with the free metal ions in the solution. Several metal ions precipitate as hydrous oxide (hydroxides, oxides, or oxyhydroxides) under these conditions, lowering the concentration of free metal ions in the solution. For this reason, auxiliary complexing agents or ligands such as ammonia, tartrate, citrate, or triethanolamine are used in EDTA titrations to...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 28, 2026

Author Spotlight: Establishing CENP-E Knockout HeLa Cells – A Novel Approach to Study Kinesin-7 CENP-E Biology and its Inhibitors
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A time out for CENP-A.

S Hoffmann1, D Fachinetti1

  • 1Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR 144, Paris, France.

Molecular & Cellular Oncology
|June 16, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Centromere Protein A (CENP-A) is vital for centromere assembly but not chromosome segregation if CENP-B is present. This reveals two DNA-kinetochore contact points for accurate chromosome segregation.

Keywords:
AuxinCENP-ACENP-BCENP-Ccancercentromerechromosome segregationhistone depletionmitosisprotein degradation

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Immunofluorescence Analysis of Endogenous and Exogenous Centromere-kinetochore Proteins
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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Genetics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Accurate chromosome segregation is crucial for cell division and relies on the centromere-kinetochore interface.
  • The role of specific proteins in this interface, particularly CENP-A and CENP-B, is under investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the distinct roles of CENP-A and CENP-B in centromere function and chromosome segregation.
  • To elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying kinetochore-DNA interactions.

Main Methods:

  • Immunofluorescence microscopy to visualize protein localization.
  • Biochemical assays to assess protein binding to DNA.
  • Analysis of chromosome segregation in cells with altered protein expression or function.

Main Results:

  • CENP-A-containing chromatin is essential for centromere assembly.
  • CENP-A is dispensable for chromosome segregation when CENP-B-bound DNA sequences are present.
  • Evidence suggests two distinct DNA-kinetochore contact points mediate segregation.

Conclusions:

  • The study identifies two independent mechanisms for kinetochore-DNA interaction during chromosome segregation.
  • CENP-B-bound DNA can facilitate segregation independently of CENP-A's role in centromere assembly.
  • This highlights the redundancy and complexity of the centromere-kinetochore interface.