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Related Concept Videos

Cranial Bones: Lateral View01:27

Cranial Bones: Lateral View

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The lateral view of the cranium is dominated by temporal, sphenoid, and ethmoid bones.
The temporal bone forms the lower lateral side of the skull. The temporal bone is subdivided into several regions. The flattened upper portion is the squamous portion of the temporal bone. Below this area and projecting anteriorly is the zygomatic process of the temporal bone, which forms the posterior portion of the zygomatic arch. Posteriorly is the mastoid portion of the temporal bone. Projecting...
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Alveoli and Alveolar Ducts01:26

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The respiratory zone of the human body, which stands in contrast to the conducting zone, comprises the structures that actively participate in the exchange of gases. The initiation of this zone is marked by the terminal bronchioles converging into respiratory bronchioles, the tiniest bronchiole classification. The respiratory bronchioles give way to the alveolar ducts that opens into a congregation of alveoli. Actively involved in gas exchange, alveoli resemble tiny sacs similar to clusters of...
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Cranial Bones: Superior and Posterior View01:14

Cranial Bones: Superior and Posterior View

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The superior view of the cranium shows the frontal and paired parietal bones.
The frontal bone is the single bone that forms the forehead. At its anterior midline, between the eyebrows, there is a slight depression called the glabella. The frontal bone also forms the supraorbital margin of the orbit. Near the middle of this margin is the supraorbital foramen, the opening that provides passage for a sensory nerve to the forehead. The frontal bone is thickened just above each supraorbital margin,...
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Tooth Anatomy01:21

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The human tooth enables us to eat a variety of foods, speak clearly, and even aid in shaping our faces. Teeth are composed of various elements that work together. Here's a detailed look at the anatomy of a human tooth.
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Sutures of the Skull01:22

Sutures of the Skull

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The human skull is composed of several bones that come together to protect the brain and support the structures of the face. The junctions where these bones meet are called sutures.
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Overview of the Skull01:08

Overview of the Skull

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The cranium (skull) is the skeletal structure of the head that supports the face and protects the brain. It is subdivided into the facial bones and the brain case, or cranial vault. The facial bones underlie the facial structures, form the nasal cavity, enclose the eyeballs, and support the teeth of the upper and lower jaws.
The cranial vault surrounds and protects the brain and houses the middle and inner ear structures. This cavity is bounded superiorly by the rounded top of the skull, which...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 28, 2026

Real-Time Dynamic Navigation System for the Precise Quad-Zygomatic Implant Placement in a Patient with a Severely Atrophic Maxilla
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Real-Time Dynamic Navigation System for the Precise Quad-Zygomatic Implant Placement in a Patient with a Severely Atrophic Maxilla

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Two-Stage Ridge Split at Narrow Alveolar Mandibular Bone Ridges.

Ivo Agabiti1, Daniele Botticelli2

  • 1Private Practice, Pesaro, Italy, and Visiting Professor, Post Graduate Program in Advanced Implantology, School of Dentistry, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Italy.

Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery : Official Journal of the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
|June 18, 2017
PubMed
Summary

This study shows a two-stage ridge expansion technique effectively widens narrow alveolar ridges for dental implant placement. The minimally invasive sonic-air instrument reduces fracture risk and costs.

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Area of Science:

  • Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
  • Dental Implantology
  • Periodontology

Background:

  • Atrophic alveolar ridges pose challenges for dental implant placement.
  • Corticalization of the bone ridge increases the risk of buccal plate malfracture during expansion.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate a 2-stage atrophic alveolar ridge expansion technique using a sonic-air surgical instrument.
  • To assess the feasibility of implant installation in narrow, corticalized ridges.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective cohort study involving 10 patients.
  • Two-stage split-thickness flap approach for alveolar ridge expansion.
  • Utilized a sonic-air instrument for basal, sagittal, and vertical osteotomies.
  • Implants placed in the expanded space; no bone substitutes used.

Main Results:

  • Successfully placed 15 implants in expanded narrow ridges.
  • Mean buccal bone wall width: 1.2 ± 0.2 mm.
  • Alveolar crest width increased from 4.1 ± 0.5 mm to 6.8 ± 0.9 mm (P < .01).

Conclusions:

  • The 2-stage ridge expansion technique enables implant placement in narrow, corticalized alveolar ridges.
  • This method is suitable for mandibular distal segments due to low invasiveness and reduced risks.
  • Offers benefits of reduced morbidity and cost-effectiveness.